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DAO(数据访问对象)设计模式——JSP的应用(使用PostgreSQL数据库)

177人参与2021-07-02

dao(数据访问对象)

程序的标准架构为:

客户层(client)-> 显示层(jsp/servlet)-> 业务层(bo) -> 数据层(bao) -> 资源层(database)

项目gitee地址:

1,组成部分(java命名规范)

  • 1,databaseconnection: 专门负责数据库打开和关闭操作的类;(xxx.dbc.databaseconnection)
  • 2,vo:主要由属性、setter、geter组成,vo类中的属性与表中的字段相对应。(xxx.vo.xxx)
  • 3,dao: 主要定义操作的接口,定义一系列的数据库的原子性操作,如,增删改查。(xxx.dao.xxxdao)
  • 4,impl:dao接口的真实实现类,完成具体的数据库操作,但是不负责数据库的打开和关闭。(xxx.dao.impl.xxxdaoimpl)
  • 5,proxy:代理实现类,主要完成数据库的打开和关闭,并且调用真实实现类对象的操作。(xxx.dao.proxy.xxxdaoproxy)
  • 6,factory:工厂类,通过工厂类获得一个dao的实例化对象。(xxx.factory.daofactory)

2,dao的实例开发

项目结构:

特别要注意的是:当启动web程序时,请将依赖的jar(postgresql-42.2.19.jar放入web-inf/lib/下,不然会检测不到)

jar必须直接放在web项目的/ web-inf / lib文件夹中,而不用项目属性中的build path.该文件夹是webapp运行时类路径的标准部分

2.1,数据库脚本建立(使用postgresql)

数据库名为:jsp

create table emp (
    empno int  primary key,
    ename varchar(10),
    job varchar(9),
    hiredate date,
    sal decimal
);

2.2,编写与数据库对应的ov类(emp.java)

package com.hcfly.vo;

import java.math.bigdecimal;
import java.util.date;

public class emp {
	private int empno;
	private string ename;
	private string job;
	private date hiredate;
	private float sal;
	
	public int getempno() {
		return empno;
	}
	public void setempno(int empno) {
		this.empno = empno;
	}
	public string getename() {
		return ename;
	}
	public void setename(string ename) {
		this.ename = ename;
	}
	public string getjob() {
		return job;
	}
	public void setjob(string job) {
		this.job = job;
	}
	public date gethiredate() {
		return hiredate;
	}
	public void sethiredate(date hiredate) {
		this.hiredate = hiredate;
	}
	public float getsal() {
		return sal;
	}
	public void setsal(float sal) {
		this.sal = sal;
	}
}

2.3, 编写数据库连接类(databaseconnection.java)

这个地方可以将databaseconnection抽象为一个接口,并且用不同的数据库访问类去实现它,来达到通用的水平。

package com.hcfly.dbc;

import java.sql.connection;
import java.sql.drivermanager;

public class databaseconnection {
	// 数据库连接类
	private static final string dbdriver = "org.postgresql.driver";
	private static final string dburl = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost/jsp";
	private static final string dbuser = "postgres";
	private static final string dbpassword = "miaomiao";
	private connection connection = null;
	
	public databaseconnection() throws exception{
		try {
			class.forname(dbdriver);
			this.connection = drivermanager.getconnection(dburl, dbuser, dbpassword);
//			system.out.println("连接成功");
		} catch (exception e) {
			throw e;
			// todo: handle exception
		}
	
	}
	
	public connection getconnection() {
		return this.connection;
	}
	
	public void close() throws exception {
		if(this.connection != null) {
			try {
				this.connection.close();
			} catch (exception e) {
				throw e;
				// todo: handle exception
			}
		}
	}

}

2.4,定义dao操作标准(iempdao.java)

package com.hcfly.dao;

import java.util.list;

import com.hcfly.vo.emp;

public interface iempdao { // 定义dao操作
	/**
	 * 定义dao的标准操作
	 * 
	 */
	public boolean docreate(emp emp) throws exception;
	/**
	 * @param emp要增加的数据对象
	 */
	public list<emp> findall(string keyword) throws exception;
	/**
	 * 根据查询关键字进行搜索
	 */
	public emp findbyid(int empno) throws exception;

}

2.5,真实主题实现类(empdaoimpl.java)

package com.hcfly.dao.impl;

import java.sql.connection;
import java.sql.date;
import java.sql.preparedstatement;
import java.sql.resultset;
import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;

import com.hcfly.dao.iempdao;
import com.hcfly.vo.emp;

public class empdaoimpl implements iempdao{
	/**
	 * 真实主题类
	 */
	private connection connection = null;
	private preparedstatement pstmt = null;
	
	public empdaoimpl(connection connection) {
		// 获取数据库连接
		this.connection = connection;
	}

	@override
	public boolean docreate(emp emp) throws exception {
		boolean flag = false;
		string sql = "insert into emp (empno, ename, job, hiredate, sal) values (?,?,?,?,?)";
		this.pstmt = this.connection.preparestatement(sql);
		this.pstmt.setint(1, emp.getempno());
		this.pstmt.setstring(2, emp.getename());
		this.pstmt.setstring(3, emp.getjob());
		this.pstmt.setdate(4, new date(emp.gethiredate().gettime()));
		this.pstmt.setfloat(5, emp.getsal());
		
		if(this.pstmt.executeupdate() > 0) {	// 更新记录行数大于1
			flag = true;
		}
		this.pstmt.close();
		return flag;
	}

	@override
	public list<emp> findall(string keyword) throws exception {
		
		list<emp> all = new arraylist<emp>();
		string sql = "select empno, ename, job, hiredate, sal from emp where ename like ? or job like ?";
		this.pstmt = this.connection.preparestatement(sql);
		this.pstmt.setstring(1, "%"+keyword +"%");
		this.pstmt.setstring(2, "%"+keyword +"%");
		resultset rset = this.pstmt.executequery();
		emp emp = null;
		while (rset.next()) {
			emp = new emp();
			emp.setempno(rset.getint("empno"));
			emp.setename(rset.getstring("ename"));
			emp.sethiredate(rset.getdate("hiredate"));
			emp.setjob(rset.getstring("job"));
			emp.setsal(rset.getfloat("sal"));
			all.add(emp);
			
		}
		this.pstmt.close();
		// todo auto-generated method stub
		return all;
	}

	@override
	public emp findbyid(int empno) throws exception {
		string sql = "select empno, ename, job, hiredate, sal from emp where empno=?";
		this.pstmt = this.connection.preparestatement(sql);
		this.pstmt.setint(1, empno);
		resultset rset = this.pstmt.executequery();
		emp emp = null;
		if(rset.next()) {
			emp = new emp();
			emp.setempno(rset.getint("empno"));
			emp.setename(rset.getstring("ename"));
			emp.sethiredate(rset.getdate("hiredate"));
			emp.setjob(rset.getstring("job"));
			emp.setsal(rset.getfloat("sal"));
		}
		this.pstmt.close();
		// todo auto-generated method stub
		return emp;
	}

}

2.5,代理主题实现类(iempdaoproxy.java)

package com.hcfly.dao.proxy;

import java.util.list;

import com.hcfly.dao.iempdao;
import com.hcfly.dao.impl.empdaoimpl;
import com.hcfly.dbc.databaseconnection;
import com.hcfly.vo.emp;

public class empdaoproxy implements iempdao{
	/**
	 * 代理主题实现类
	 */
	
	private databaseconnection dbc = null;
	private iempdao dao = null;
	
	public empdaoproxy() throws exception{
		this.dbc = new databaseconnection(); // 连接到数据库
		this.dao = new empdaoimpl(this.dbc.getconnection());
	}

	@override
	public boolean docreate(emp emp) throws exception {
		boolean flag = false;
		
		try {
			if(this.dao.findbyid(emp.getempno()) == null) {
				flag = this.dao.docreate(emp);
			}
		} catch (exception e) {
			throw e;
		}finally {	
			this.dbc.close();	// 无论是否成功,将连接关闭
		}
		// todo auto-generated method stub
		return flag;
	}

	@override
	public list<emp> findall(string keyword) throws exception {
		list<emp> all = null;
		try {
			all = this.dao.findall(keyword);
		} catch (exception e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			this.dbc.close();
		}
		return all;
	}

	@override
	public emp findbyid(int empno) throws exception {
		emp emp = null;
		try {
			emp = this.dao.findbyid(empno);
		} catch (exception e) {
			throw e;
		}finally {
			this.dbc.close();
		}
		return emp;
	}

}

2.6,dao工厂类(daofactory.java)

package com.hcfly.factory;

import com.hcfly.dao.iempdao;
import com.hcfly.dao.proxy.empdaoproxy;

public class daofactory {
	/**
	 * 工厂类
	 * @return
	 * @throws exception
	 */
	public static iempdao getiempdaoinstance() throws exception{
		return new empdaoproxy();
	}
}

2.7,测试类(testdaoinsert.java)

package com.hcfly.dao.test;

import java.util.date;

import com.hcfly.factory.daofactory;
import com.hcfly.vo.emp;

public class testdaoinsert {

	public static void main(string[] args) throws exception{
		// todo auto-generated method stub
		emp emp = null;
		for(int x = 0; x < 5; x++) {
			emp = new emp();
			emp.setempno(1000+x);
			emp.setename("张憨憨" + x);
			emp.setjob("程序员 - " + x);
			emp.sethiredate(new date());
			emp.setsal(500 * x);
//			daofactory.getiempdaoinstance().docreate(emp);
			
		}
		system.out.println(daofactory.getiempdaoinstance().findbyid(1001));

	}

}

2.8,总结

dao 只是提供了一个数据的操作平台,不管在application还是web程序中,此dao程序都不用做修改。

3,dao的web使用实例(开发工具为ecplise,如果要运行,请先配置数据库)

从注册页面提交信息给数据库,然后读出来,展示到表格中。

3.1, 登录注册页面(增加数据表单)(emp_insert.jsp)

<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageencoding="utf-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="emp_insert_do.jsp" method="post" >
        雇员编号:<input type="text" name="empno" id=""><br/>
        雇员姓名:<input type="text" name="ename" id=""><br/>
        雇员职位:<input type="text" name="job" id=""><br/>
        雇员日期:<input type="text" name="hiredate" id=""><br/>
        雇员工资:<input type="text" name="sal" id=""><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="注册">
        <input type="reset" value="重置">
    </form>
    <a href="emp_list.jsp">跳转到列表页面</a>
</body>
</html>

3.2, 处理数据页面(emp_insert_do.jsp)

<%@page import="com.hcfly.factory.daofactory"%>
<%@page import="java.text.simpledateformat"%>
<%@page import="com.hcfly.vo.emp"%>
<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageencoding="utf-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>处理表单</title>
<%request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8"); 
	response.setheader("refresh", "3;url=emp_list.jsp");	// 设置跳转时间为3秒
%>
</head>
<body>
<%
emp emp = new emp();
emp.setempno(integer.parseint(request.getparameter("empno")));
emp.setename(request.getparameter("ename"));
emp.setjob(request.getparameter("job"));
emp.sethiredate(new simpledateformat("yyyy-mm-dd").parse(request.getparameter("hiredate")));
emp.setsal(float.parsefloat(request.getparameter("sal")));
try{
	if(daofactory.getiempdaoinstance().docreate(emp)){
		out.print("<h3>雇员信息添加成功!</h3>");
	}else{
		out.print("<h3>雇员信息添加失败!</h3>");
	}
}catch(exception e){
	e.printstacktrace();
}

%>
<h3>3秒后跳转到列表页</h3>
</body>
</html>

3.3,列表页面(emp_list.jsp)

<%@page import="com.hcfly.vo.emp"%>
<%@page import="java.util.list"%>
<%@page import="org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.catch"%>
<%@page import="java.util.iterator"%>
<%@page import="com.hcfly.factory.daofactory"%>
<%@page import="java.util.dictionary"%>
<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageencoding="utf-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>列表</title>
<% request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8"); %>
</head>
<body>
<%
	try{
		string keyword = request.getparameter("kw");
		if(keyword == null){
			keyword = "";
		}
		list<emp> all = daofactory.getiempdaoinstance().findall(keyword);
		iterator<emp> iter = all.iterator();
	
%>
<center>
        <form action="" method="post">
            <input type="text" name="kw">
            <input type="submit" value="查询">

        </form>
        <table border="1" width="80%">
            <tr>
                <td>雇员编号:</td>
                <td>雇员姓名:</td>
                <td>雇员工作:</td>
                <td>雇员工资:</td>
                <td>雇员日期:</td>
            </tr>
            <% while(iter.hasnext()){
            	emp emp = iter.next();
            	
            	%>
            <tr>
                <td><%= emp.getempno() %></td>
                <td><%= emp.getename() %></td>
                <td><%= emp.getjob() %></td>
                <td><%= emp.getsal() %></td>
                <td><%= emp.gethiredate() %></td>
            </tr>
            <%
            }
            %>
        </table>
        
        <a href="emp_insert.jsp">跳转到插入页面</a>

    </center>
    <%
    }catch(exception e){
    	e.printstacktrace();
    }
    %>
</body>
</html>

3.4,结果展示

3.4.1 数据库

3.4.2,注册界面

3.4.3,列表页面

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