flask源码解读01: app.run()的背后

    def run(self, host=None, port=None, debug=None, load_dotenv=True, **options):
        # Change this into a no-op if the server is invoked from the
        # command line.  Have a look at cli.py for more information.
        if os.environ.get('FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI') == 'true':
            from .debughelpers import explain_ignored_app_run
            explain_ignored_app_run()
            return

        if load_dotenv:
            from flask.cli import load_dotenv
            load_dotenv()

        if debug is not None:
            self._reconfigure_for_run_debug(bool(debug))

        _host = '127.0.0.1'
        _port = 5000
        server_name = self.config.get("SERVER_NAME")
        sn_host, sn_port = None, None

        if server_name:
            sn_host, _, sn_port = server_name.partition(':')

        host = host or sn_host or _host
        port = int(port or sn_port or _port)
        options.setdefault('use_reloader', self.debug)
        options.setdefault('use_debugger', self.debug)

        from werkzeug.serving import run_simple

        try:
            run_simple(host, port, self, **options)
        finally:
            # reset the first request information if the development server
            # reset normally.  This makes it possible to restart the server
            # without reloader and that stuff from an interactive shell.
            self._got_first_request = False

def run_simple(hostname, port, application, use_reloader=False,
               extra_files=None, threaded=False, processes=1):
    """
    Start an application using wsgiref and with an optional reloader.
    """
    def inner():
        srv = make_server(hostname, port, application, threaded,
                          processes)
        try:
            srv.serve_forever()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass

    if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') != 'true':
        print '* Running on http://%s:%d/' % (hostname or '0.0.0.0', port)
    if use_reloader:
        # Create and destroy a socket so that any exceptions are raised before we
        # spawn a separate Python interpreter and loose this ability.
        test_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        test_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        test_socket.bind((hostname, port))
        test_socket.close()
        run_with_reloader(inner, extra_files or [])
    else:
        inner()

def make_server(host, port, app=None, threaded=False, processes=1):
    """
    Create a new wsgiref server that is either threaded, or forks
    or just processes one request after another.
    """
    if threaded and processes > 1:
        raise ValueError("cannot have a multithreaded and "
                         "multi process server.")
    elif threaded:
        class handler(BaseRequestHandler):
            multithreaded = True
        class server(ThreadingMixIn, WSGIServer):
            pass
    elif processes > 1:
        class handler(BaseRequestHandler):
            multiprocess = True
            max_children = processes - 1
        class server(ForkingMixIn, WSGIServer):
            pass
    else:
        handler = BaseRequestHandler
        server = WSGIServer
    srv = server((host, port), handler)
    srv.set_app(app)
    return srv

class WSGIServer(HTTPServer):

    """BaseHTTPServer that implements the Python WSGI protocol"""

    application = None

    def server_bind(self):
        """Override server_bind to store the server name."""
        HTTPServer.server_bind(self)
        self.setup_environ()

    def setup_environ(self):
        # Set up base environment
        env = self.base_environ = {}
        env['SERVER_NAME'] = self.server_name
        env['GATEWAY_INTERFACE'] = 'CGI/1.1'
        env['SERVER_PORT'] = str(self.server_port)
        env['REMOTE_HOST']=''
        env['CONTENT_LENGTH']=''
        env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = ''

    def get_app(self):
        return self.application

    def set_app(self,application):
        self.application = application

class HTTPServer(SocketServer.TCPServer):

    allow_reuse_address = 1    # Seems to make sense in testing environment

    def server_bind(self):
        """Override server_bind to store the server name."""
        SocketServer.TCPServer.server_bind(self)
        host, port = self.socket.getsockname()[:2]
        self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host)
        self.server_port = port

class TCPServer(BaseServer):

    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    request_queue_size = 5

    allow_reuse_address = False

    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if bind_and_activate:
            try:
                self.server_bind()    # socket.bind
                self.server_activate()    # socket.listen 
            except:
                self.server_close()
                raise

    def server_bind(self):
        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.

        May be overridden.

        """
        if self.allow_reuse_address:
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        self.socket.close()

    def fileno(self):
        """Return socket file number.

        Interface required by selector.

        """
        return self.socket.fileno()

    def get_request(self):
        """Get the request and client address from the socket.

        May be overridden.

        """
        return self.socket.accept()    # 在轮寻之后调用socket.accept

    def shutdown_request(self, request):
        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
        try:
            #explicitly shutdown.  socket.close() merely releases
            #the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.
            request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
        except OSError:
            pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here
        self.close_request(request)

    def close_request(self, request):
        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
        request.close()

class BaseServer:
  
    timeout = None

    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        self.server_address = server_address
        self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
        self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
        self.__shutdown_request = False

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        pass

    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
        """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.

        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
        self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
        another thread.
        """
        self.__is_shut_down.clear()
        
        try:
            # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or connecting to the
            # socket to wake this up instead of polling. Polling reduces our
            # responsiveness to a shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other
            # times.
            with _ServerSelector() as selector:
                selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)

                while not self.__shutdown_request:
                    ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
                    if ready:
                        self._handle_request_noblock()

                    self.service_actions()
        finally:
            self.__shutdown_request = False
            self.__is_shut_down.set()

    def shutdown(self):
        """Stops the serve_forever loop.

        Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
        serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
        deadlock.
        """
        self.__shutdown_request = True
        self.__is_shut_down.wait() 

    def service_actions(self):
        """Called by the serve_forever() loop.

        May be overridden by a subclass / Mixin to implement any code that
        needs to be run during the loop.
        """
        pass

    # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and finishing a
    # request is fairly arbitrary.  Remember:
    #
    # - handle_request() is the top-level call.  It calls selector.select(),
    #   get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
    # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
    # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process or create a
    #   new thread to finish the request
    # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class; this
    #   constructor will handle the request all by itself

    def handle_request(self):
        """Handle one request, possibly blocking.

        Respects self.timeout.
        """
        # Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape
        # handle_request before self.timeout was available.
        timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
        if timeout is None:
            timeout = self.timeout
        elif self.timeout is not None:
            timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)
        if timeout is not None:
            deadline = time() + timeout

        # Wait until a request arrives or the timeout expires - the loop is
        # necessary to accommodate early wakeups due to EINTR.
        with _ServerSelector() as selector:
            selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)

            while True:
                ready = selector.select(timeout)  
               
                if ready:
                    return self._handle_request_noblock()
                else:
                    if timeout is not None:
                        timeout = deadline - time()
                        if timeout < 0:
                            return self.handle_timeout()

    def _handle_request_noblock(self):
        """Handle one request, without blocking.

        I assume that selector.select() has returned that the socket is
        readable before this function was called, so there should be no risk of
        blocking in get_request().
        """
        try:
            request, client_address = self.get_request()
        except OSError:
            return    
        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
            try:
                self.process_request(request, client_address)
            except Exception:
                self.handle_error(request, client_address)
                self.shutdown_request(request)
            except:
                self.shutdown_request(request)
                raise
        else:
            self.shutdown_request(request)

    def handle_timeout(self):
        """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.

        Overridden by ForkingMixIn.
        """
        pass

    def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Verify the request.  May be overridden.

        Return True if we should proceed with this request.

        """
        return True

    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Call finish_request.

        Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.

        """
        self.finish_request(request, client_address)
        self.shutdown_request(request)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        pass

    def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
        self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)

    def shutdown_request(self, request):
        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
        self.close_request(request)

    def close_request(self, request):
        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
        pass

    def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
        """Handle an error gracefully.  May be overridden.

        The default is to print a traceback and continue.

        """
        print('-'*40, file=sys.stderr)    # 打印40个'-'
        print('Exception happened during processing of request from',
            client_address, file=sys.stderr)
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()
        print('-'*40, file=sys.stderr)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.server_close()