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探究MySQL中varchar的定义长度

2017年12月12日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

洪磊2011大实话,36dj舞曲网,六级阅读答案

utf8字符集下:

sql>create table test(id int auto_increment,name varchar(10),primary key(id));
sql>insert into test values(null,'1234567890');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'abcdefghig');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,12345678901);
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十1');
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十一');
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>select id,name,length(name),char_length(name) from test;

+----+--------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+
 | id | name | length(name) | char_length(name) |
 +----+--------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+
 | 1 | 1234567890 | 10 | 10 |
 | 2 | 一二三四五六七八九十 | 30 | 10 |
 | 3 | abcdefghig | 10 | 10 |
 +----+--------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+
 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

   gbk字符集下:

sql>create table test(id int auto_increment,name varchar(10),primary key(id));
sql>insert into test values(null,'1234567890');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'abcdefghig');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,12345678901);
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十1');
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十一');
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>select id,name,length(name),char_length(name) from test;

+----+----------------------+--------------+-------------------+
 | id | name | length(name) | char_length(name) |
 +----+----------------------+--------------+-------------------+
 | 1 | 1234567890 | 10 | 10 |
 | 2 | 一二三四五六七八九十 | 20 | 10 |
 | 3 | abcdefghig | 10 | 10 |
 +----+----------------------+--------------+-------------------+
 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

   由此可见,varchar定义的长度的单位是字符,哪怕是1个多字节字符也是1个字符,如中文和英文字母都被当作1个字符来对待。

   那么varchar能够定义的最大长度是多少呢?这个和你当前所使用的字符集有关。抛开字符,其最大长度为65535字节(这是最大行大小,由所有列共享),而放在不同的字符集下,能够定义的最大长度就会有所不同,如utf8下是21845。据说mysql5中varchar的长度也为字符,而mysql4中的则为字节,未经证实,感兴趣的有环境可以自己测下。

   顺便补充一下,char数据类型定义的长度也为字符,其最大长度为255。

sql>create table test(id int auto_increment,name char(5),primary key(id));
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'123');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'12345');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
sql>insert into test values(null,123456);
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五1');
error 1406 (22001): data too long for column 'name' at row 1
sql>select id,name,length(name),char_length(name) from test;

+----+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+
 | id | name | length(name) | char_length(name) |
 +----+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+
 | 1 | 123 | 3 | 3 |
 | 2 | 12345 | 5 | 5 |
 | 3 | 一二三 | 9 | 3 |
 | 4 | 一二三四五 | 15 | 5 |
 +----+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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