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前言
大家都知道在应用中，有时我们需要对访问的客户端进行有效性验证，只有提供有效凭证（accesstoken）的终端应用能访问我们的受控站点（如webapi站点），此时我们可以通过验证属性的方法来解决。
本文将详细介绍asp.net core使用自定义验证属性控制访问权限的相关内容，分享出来供大家参考学习，下面话不多说了，来一起看看详细的介绍吧
方法如下
一、public class startup的配置：
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//启用跨域访问（不同端口也是跨域）
services.addcors(options =>
{
options.addpolicy("alloworiginotherbis",
builder => builder.withorigins("https://1.16.9.12:4432", "https://pc12.ato.biz:4432", "https://localhost:44384", "https://1.16.9.12:4432", "https://pc12.ato.biz:4432").allowanymethod().allowanyheader());
});
//启用自定义属性以便对控制器或action进行[terminalapp()]定义。
services.addsingleton<iauthorizationhandler, terminalappauthorizationhandler>();
services.addauthorization(options =>
{
options.addpolicy("terminalapp", policybuilder =>
{
policybuilder.requirements.add(new terminalappauthorizationrequirement());
});
});
二、public void configure(iapplicationbuilder app, ihostingenvironment env)中的配置：
app.usehttpsredirection(); //使用https传输
app.usecors("alloworiginotherbis"); //根据定义启用跨域设置
三、示例webapi项目结构：
四、主要代码（我采用的从数据库进行验证）：
[attributeusage(attributetargets.class | attributetargets.method, allowmultiple = true)]
internal class terminalappattribute : authorizeattribute
{
public string appid { get; }
/// <summary>
/// 指定客户端访问api
/// </summary>
/// <param name="appid"></param>
public terminalappattribute(string appid="") : base("terminalapp")
{
appid = appid;
}
}
public abstract class attributeauthorizationhandler<trequirement, tattribute> : authorizationhandler<trequirement> where trequirement : iauthorizationrequirement where tattribute : attribute
{
protected override task handlerequirementasync(authorizationhandlercontext context, trequirement requirement)
{
var attributes = new list<tattribute>();
if ((context.resource as authorizationfiltercontext)?.actiondescriptor is controlleractiondescriptor action)
{
attributes.addrange(getattributes(action.controllertypeinfo.underlyingsystemtype));
attributes.addrange(getattributes(action.methodinfo));
}
return handlerequirementasync(context, requirement, attributes);
}
protected abstract task handlerequirementasync(authorizationhandlercontext context, trequirement requirement, ienumerable<tattribute> attributes);
private static ienumerable<tattribute> getattributes(memberinfo memberinfo)
{
return memberinfo.getcustomattributes(typeof(tattribute), false).cast<tattribute>();
}
}
internal class terminalappauthorizationhandler : attributeauthorizationhandler<terminalappauthorizationrequirement,terminalappattribute>
{
protected override task handlerequirementasync(authorizationhandlercontext context, terminalappauthorizationrequirement requirement, ienumerable<terminalappattribute> attributes)
{
object errormsg = string.empty;
//如果取不到身份验证信息，并且不允许匿名访问，则返回未验证403
if (context.resource is authorizationfiltercontext filtercontext &&
filtercontext.actiondescriptor is controlleractiondescriptor descriptor)
{
//先判断是否是匿名访问,
if (descriptor != null)
{
var actionattributes = descriptor.methodinfo.getcustomattributes(inherit: true);
bool isanonymous = actionattributes.any(a => a is allowanonymousattribute);
//非匿名的方法,链接中添加accesstoken值
if (isanonymous)
{
context.succeed(requirement);
return task.completedtask;
}
else
{
//url获取access_token
//从authorizationhandlercontext转成httpcontext，以便取出表求信息
var httpcontext = (context.resource as authorizationfiltercontext).httpcontext;
//var questurl = httpcontext.request.path.value.tolower();
string requestappid = httpcontext.request.headers["appid"];
string requestaccesstoken = httpcontext.request.headers["access_token"];
if ((!string.isnullorempty(requestappid)) && (!string.isnullorempty(requestaccesstoken)))
{
if (attributes != null)
{
//当不指定具体的客户端appid仅运用验证属性时默认所有客户端都接受
if (attributes.toarray().tostring()=="")
{
//任意一个在数据库列表中的app都可以运行,否则先判断提交的appid与需要id是否相符
bool mat = false;
foreach (var terminalappattribute in attributes)
{
if (terminalappattribute.appid == requestappid)
{
mat = true;
break;
}
}
if (!mat)
{
errormsg = returnstd.notauthorize("客户端应用未在服务端登记或未被授权运用当前功能.");
return handleblockedasync(context, requirement, errormsg);
}
}
}
//如果未指定attributes，则表示任何一个终端服务都可以调用服务, 在验证区域验证终端提供的id是否匹配数据库记录
string valrst = validatetoken(requestappid, requestaccesstoken);
if (string.isnullorempty(valrst))
{
context.succeed(requirement);
return task.completedtask;
}
else
{
errormsg = returnstd.notauthorize("accesstoken验证失败(" + valrst + ")","91");
return handleblockedasync(context, requirement, errormsg);
}
}
else
{
errormsg = returnstd.notauthorize("未提供appid或token.");
return handleblockedasync(context, requirement, errormsg);
//return task.completedtask;
}
}
}
}
else
{
errormsg = returnstd.notauthorize("filtercontext类型不匹配.");
return handleblockedasync(context, requirement, errormsg);
}
errormsg = returnstd.notauthorize("未知错误.");
return handleblockedasync(context,requirement, errormsg);
}
//校验票据（数据库数据匹配）
/// <summary>
/// 验证终端服务程序提供的accesstoken是否合法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="appid">终端app的id</param>
/// <param name="accesstoken">终端app利用其自身appkey运算出来的accesstoken,与服务器生成的进行比对</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string validatetoken(string appid,string accesstoken)
{
try
{
dbcontextmain dbcontext = new dbcontextmain();
string appkeyonserver = string.empty;
//从数据库读取appid对应的key(此key为加解密算法的aes_key
authapp authapp = dbcontext.authapps.firstordefault(a => a.appid == appid);
if (authapp == null)
{
return "客户端应用没有在云端登记!";
}
else
{
appkeyonserver = authapp.appkey;
}
if (string.isnullorempty(appkeyonserver))
{
return "客户端应用基础信息有误!";
}
string tmptoken = string.empty;
tmptoken = system.net.webutility.urldecode(accesstoken);//解码相应的token到原始字符(因其中可能会有+=等特殊字符,必须编码后传递)
tmptoken = ocrypto.aes16decrypt(tmptoken, appkeyonserver); //使用appkey解密并分析
if (string.isnullorempty(tmptoken))
{
return "客户端提交的身份令牌运算为空!";
}
else
{
try
{
//原始验证码为im_cloud_sv001-appid-ticks格式
//取出时间,与服务器时间对比,超过10秒即拒绝服务
long tmptime =convert.toint64(tmptoken.substring(tmptoken.lastindexof("-")+1));
//datetime dt = datetime.parseexact(tmptime, "yyyymmddhhmmss", cultureinfo.currentculture);
datetime dt= new datetime(tmptime);
bool isintimespan = (convert.todouble(odatetime.datediffseconds(dt, datetime.now)) <= 7200);
bool isinternalapp = (tmptoken.indexof("im_cloud_sv001-") >= 0);
if (!isinternalapp || !isintimespan)
{
return "令牌未被许可或已经失效!";
}
else
{
return string.empty; //成功验证
}
}
catch (exception ex)
{
return "令牌解析出错(" + ex.message + ")";
}
}
}
catch (exception ex)
{
return "令牌解析出错(" + ex.message + ")";
}
}
private task handleblockedasync(authorizationhandlercontext context, terminalappauthorizationrequirement requirement, object errormsg)
{
var authorizationfiltercontext = context.resource as authorizationfiltercontext;
authorizationfiltercontext.result = new jsonresult(errormsg) { statuscode = 202 };
//设置为403会显示不了自定义信息,改为accepted202,由客户端处理
context.succeed(requirement);
return task.completedtask;
}
}
internal class terminalappauthorizationrequirement : iauthorizationrequirement
{
public terminalappauthorizationrequirement()
{
}
}
五、相应的token验证代码：
[autovalidateantiforgerytoken] //在本控制器内自动启用跨站攻击防护
[route("api/get_accesstoken")]
public class getaccesstokencontroller : controller
{
//尚未限制访问频率
//返回{"access_token":"access_token","expires_in":7200} 有效期2个小时
//错误时返回{"errcode":40013,"errmsg":"invalid appid"}
[allowanonymous]
public actionresult<string> get()
{
try
{
string tmptoken = string.empty;
string appid = httpcontext.request.headers["appid"];
string appkey = httpcontext.request.headers["appkey"];
if ((appid.length < 5) || appkey.length != 32)
{
return "{'errcode':10000,'errmsg':'appid或appkey未提供'}";
}
//token采用im_cloud_sv001-appid-ticks数字
long timetk = datetime.now.ticks; //输出毫微秒：633603924670937500
//datetime dt = new datetime(timetk);//可以还原时间
string pltoken = "im_cloud1-" + appid + "-" + timetk;
tmptoken = ocrypto.aes16encrypt(pltoken, appkey); //使用appkey加密
tmptoken = system.net.webutility.urlencode(tmptoken);
//编码相应的token(因其中可能会有+=等特殊字符,必须编码后传递)
tmptoken = "{'access_token':'" + tmptoken + "','expires_in':7200}";
return tmptoken;
}
catch (exception ex)
{
return "{'errcode':10001,'errmsg':'" + ex.message +"'}";
}
}
}
getaccesstokencontroller.cs
六、这样，在我们需要控制的地方加上[terminalapp()] 即可，这样所有授权的app都能访问，当然，也可以使用[terminalapp(“app01”)]限定某一个id为app01的应用访问。
[area("sys")] // 路由: api/sys/user
[produces("application/json")]
[terminalapp()]
public class usercontroller : controller
{
//
}
七、一个cs客户端通过web api上传数据调用示例：
string posturl = "http://sv12.ato.com/api/sys/user/postnew";
dictionary<string, string> headerdic2 = new dictionary<string, string>
{
{ "appid", mainframework.cloudappid },
{ "access_token", accesstoken }
};
string pushrst = opweb.post(posturl, headerdic2, "post", sys_users);
if (string.isnullorempty(pushrst))
{
mymsg.information("推送成功!");
}
else
{
mymsg.information("推送失败!", pushrst);
}
string accesstoken = mainframework.cloudaccesstoken;
if (accesstoken.indexof("error:") >= 0)
{
mymsg.information("获取token出错:" + accesstoken);
return;
}
总结
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