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套接字（socket）是通信的基石，是支持tcp/ip协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示，包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息：连接使用的协议，本地主机的ip地址，本地进程的协议端口，远地主机的ip地址，远地进程的协议端口。
应用层通过传输层进行数据通信时，tcp会遇到同时为多个应用程序进程提供并发服务的问题。多个tcp连接或多个应用程序进程可能需要通过同一个 tcp协议端口传输数据。为了区别不同的应用程序进程和连接，许多计算机操作系统为应用程序与tcp／ip协议交互提供了套接字(socket)接口。应 用层可以和传输层通过socket接口，区分来自不同应用程序进程或网络连接的通信，实现数据传输的并发服务。
二、建立socket连接
建立socket连接至少需要一对套接字，其中一个运行于客户端，称为clientsocket ，另一个运行于服务器端，称为serversocket 。
套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤：服务器监听，客户端请求，连接确认。
三、服务端与客户端代码
服务端前台xmal
1 <window x:class="socket通信.mainwindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:socket通信" 7 mc:ignorable="d" 8 title="服务端" height="350" width="525" loaded="window_loaded" > 9 <grid> 10 <grid.rowdefinitions> 11 <rowdefinition height="50*"/> 12 <rowdefinition height="190*"/> 13 <rowdefinition height="81*"/> 14 </grid.rowdefinitions> 15 <grid grid.row="0"> 16 <wrappanel verticalalignment="center"> 17 <label padding="5">ip:</label> 18 <textbox padding="3" width="150" name="ip"></textbox> 19 <label padding="5">port:</label> 20 <textbox padding="3" width="100" name="port"></textbox> 21 <button padding="3" margin="3" click="start_view_click">开始监听</button> 22 <button padding="3" margin="3" click="stop_click">停止监听</button> 23 </wrappanel> 24 </grid> 25 <grid grid.row="1"> 26 <listbox name="listconnet"></listbox> 27 </grid> 28 <grid grid.row="2"> 29 <grid.columndefinitions> 30 <columndefinition width="405*"/> 31 <columndefinition width="113*"/> 32 </grid.columndefinitions> 33 34 <textbox name="sentconnet"></textbox> 35 <button grid.column="1" click="send_click">发送</button> 36 37 </grid> 38 </grid> 39 </window>
服务端后台代码
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1 using system;
2 using system.net;
3 using system.net.sockets;
4 using system.text;
5 using system.threading;
6 using system.windows;
7
8
9
10 namespace socket通信
11 {
12 /// <summary>
13 /// mainwindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
14 /// </summary>
15 public partial class mainwindow : window
16 {
17 public mainwindow()
18 {
19 initializecomponent();
20 }
21 socket socketsend;
22 private void start_view_click(object sender, routedeventargs e)
23 {
24 try
25 {
26 //点击开始监听时 在服务端创建一个负责监听ip和端口号的socket
27 socket socketwatch = new socket(addressfamily.internetwork, sockettype.stream, protocoltype.tcp);
28 ipaddress ip = ipaddress.any; //创建对象端口
29 ipendpoint point = new ipendpoint(ip, convert.toint32(port.text));
30 socketwatch.bind(point);//绑定端口号
31 showmsg("监听成功!");
32 socketwatch.listen(10);//设置监听
33 //创建监听线程
34 thread thread = new thread(listen);
35 thread.isbackground = true;
36 thread.start(socketwatch);
37 }
38 catch { }
39
40
41
42 }
43
44 void listen(object o)
45 {
46 try
47 {
48 socket socketwatch = o as socket;
49 while (true)
50 {
51 socketsend = socketwatch.accept();//等待接收客户端连接
52 showmsg(socketsend.remoteendpoint.tostring() + ":" + "连接成功!");
53 //开启一个新线程，执行接收消息方法
54 thread r_thread = new thread(received);
55 r_thread.isbackground = true;
56 r_thread.start(socketsend);
57 }
58 }
59 catch { }
60 }
61
62
63
64 /// <summary>
65 /// 服务器端不停的接收客户端发来的消息
66 /// </summary>
67 /// <param name="o"></param>
68 void received(object o)
69 {
70 try
71 {
72 socket socketsend = o as socket;
73 while (true)
74 {
75 //客户端连接服务器成功后，服务器接收客户端发送的消息
76 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
77 //实际接收到的有效字节数
78 int len = socketsend.receive(buffer);
79 if (len == 0)
80 {
81 break;
82 }
83 string str = encoding.utf8.getstring(buffer, 0, len);
84 showmsg("接收到的客户端数据：" + socketsend.remoteendpoint + ":" + str);
85 }
86 }
87 catch { }
88 }
89 /// <summary>
90 /// 服务器向客户端发送消息
91 /// </summary>
92 /// <param name="str"></param>
93 void send(string str)
94 {
95 byte[] buffer = encoding.utf8.getbytes(str);
96 socketsend.send(buffer);
97 }
98
99 void showmsg(string msg)
100 {
101 dispatcher.invoke(() => { listconnet.items.add(msg + "\r\n"); });
102 }
103
104
105
106 private void send_click(object sender, routedeventargs e)
107 {
108 send(sentconnet.text.trim());
109 }
110
111 private void window_loaded(object sender, routedeventargs e)
112 {
113 }
114 private void stop_click(object sender, routedeventargs e)
115 {
116 socketsend.close();
117 showmsg("已经停止监听!");
118 }
119 }
120 }
客户端前台xmal
1 <window x:class="socket_client.mainwindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:socket_client" 7 mc:ignorable="d" 8 title="客户端" height="350" width="525"> 9 <grid> 10 <grid.rowdefinitions> 11 <rowdefinition height="50*"/> 12 <rowdefinition height="190*"/> 13 <rowdefinition height="81*"/> 14 </grid.rowdefinitions> 15 <grid grid.row="0"> 16 <wrappanel verticalalignment="center"> 17 <label padding="5">ip:</label> 18 <textbox padding="3" width="150" name="ip"></textbox> 19 <label padding="5">port:</label> 20 <textbox padding="3" width="100" name="port"></textbox> 21 <button padding="3" margin="3" click="start_view_click">连接</button> 22 <button padding="3" margin="3" click="stop_click">断开连接</button> 23 </wrappanel> 24 </grid> 25 <grid grid.row="1"> 26 <textbox name="listconnet"></textbox> 27 </grid> 28 <grid grid.row="2"> 29 <grid.columndefinitions> 30 <columndefinition width="405*"/> 31 <columndefinition width="113*"/> 32 </grid.columndefinitions> 33 34 35 36 <textbox name="sentconnet"></textbox> 37 <button grid.column="1" click="send_click">发送</button> 38 39 </grid> 40 </grid> 41 </window>
客户端后台代码
1 using system;
2 using system.collections.generic;
3 using system.linq;
4 using system.net;
5 using system.net.sockets;
6 using system.text;
7 using system.threading;
8 using system.threading.tasks;
9 using system.windows;
10 using system.windows.controls;
11 using system.windows.data;
12 using system.windows.documents;
13 using system.windows.input;
14 using system.windows.media;
15 using system.windows.media.imaging;
16 using system.windows.navigation;
17 using system.windows.shapes;
18
19
20
21 namespace socket_client
22 {
23 /// <summary>
24 /// mainwindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
25 /// </summary>
26 public partial class mainwindow : window
27 {
28 public mainwindow()
29 {
30 initializecomponent();
31 }
32 socket socketsend;
33
34
35
36 private void start_view_click(object sender, routedeventargs e)
37 {
38 try
39 {
40 //创建客户端socket，获得远程ip和端口号
41 socketsend = new socket(addressfamily.internetwork, sockettype.stream, protocoltype.tcp);
42 ipaddress ip = ipaddress.parse(ip.text);
43 ipendpoint point = new ipendpoint(ip, convert.toint32(port.text));
44
45 socketsend.connect(point);
46 showmsg("连接成功!");
47 //开启新的线程，不停的接收服务器发来的消息
48 thread c_thread = new thread(received);
49 c_thread.isbackground = true;
50 c_thread.start();
51 }
52 catch (exception)
53 {
54 showmsg("ip或者端口号错误...");
55 }
56
57
58
59
60 }
61 void showmsg(string str)
62 {
63
64
65
66 dispatcher.invoke(() => { listconnet.appendtext(str + "\r\n"); });
67 }
68 /// <summary>
69 /// 接收服务端返回的消息
70 /// </summary>
71 void received()
72 {
73 while (true)
74 {
75 try
76 {
77 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
78 //实际接收到的有效字节数
79 int len = socketsend.receive(buffer);
80 if (len == 0)
81 {
82 continue;
83 }
84 string str = encoding.utf8.getstring(buffer, 0, len);
85 showmsg("接收到的服务端数据：" + socketsend.remoteendpoint + ":" + str);
86 }
87 catch
88 {
89
90
91
92 }
93 }
94 }
95
96
97
98 private void send_click(object sender, routedeventargs e)
99 {
100 try
101 {
102 string msg = sentconnet.text.trim();
103 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
104 buffer = encoding.utf8.getbytes(msg);
105 socketsend.send(buffer);
106 }
107 catch { }
108
109
110
111 }
112
113 private void stop_click(object sender, routedeventargs e)
114 {
115 socketsend.close();
116 showmsg("连接已经断开!");
117 }
118 }
119 }
运行结果
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