编写脚本实现dhcp服务与dhcp中继自动化执行
本脚本是在liunx搭建dhcp服务器以及dhcp中继服务器实验环境下实现的
源码如下:
我要评论#!/bin/bash
#该脚本用于自动化配置dhcp服务器以及dhcp中继
#作者:雨中落叶
#博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzly/
echo "****************************
1.部署dhcp服务器
2.部署网关
3.部署dhcp中继
****************************"
read -p "请输入部署选项:" num
case $num in
1)
#dhcp服务器配置
#关闭防火墙避免影响实验
service iptables stop &>/dev/null
setenforce 0
#1.获取用户输入的dhcp服务器的相关网络参数
read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的ip地址:" ip
read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的子网掩码:" mask
read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的网关地址:" gw
read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的首选dns地址:" dns1
read -p "请输入dhcp服务器的辅助dns地址:" dns2
#2.设置dhcp服务器的网卡ip地址
eth=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $1}')
mac=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $5}')
echo "device=$eth
hwaddr=$mac
type=ethernet
onboot=yes
bootproto=static
ipaddr=$ip
netmask=$mask
gateway=$gw
dns1=$dns1
dns2=$dns2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eth
#重启网络服务
#service networkmanager stop
#为了防止下次启动时，该服务重新启动，解决方法： chkconfig networkmanager off再重启网卡，就可以了,启动网络服务报错然后用ifdown eth1 ifdown eth1报错,只能关闭networkmanager服务来解决
service networkmanager stop
service network restart
#3.检测是否安装dhcp服务,配置dhcp服务
#定义函数
dhpool(){
#配置dhcp地址池1
echo "******配置dhcp地址池1**********"
read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段:" dhnet
read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段的子网掩码:" dhmask
read -p "请输入地址池开始ip地址:" dhip1
read -p "请输入地址池结束ip地址:" dhip2
read -p "请输入dns:" dhdns
read -p "请输入网关地址:" dhgw
read -p "请输入广播地址:" dhb
#把dhcp配置模板中部分需要的内容复制到dhcp的配置文件中
conf=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
grep -v "#" /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample | grep -v "^$" | sed -n '17,25p' >$conf
#修改dhcp配置文件
sub=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $2}')
submask=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $4}')
range1=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $2}')
range2=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -f";" '{print $1}')
dns=$(grep domain-name-servers $conf |awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}')
gw=$(grep routers $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -f";" '{print $1}')
broadcast=$(grep broadcast-address $conf | awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}')
#sed -i 是替换字符串
sed -i "s/$sub/$dhnet/g" $conf
sed -i "s/$submask/$dhmask/g" $conf
sed -i "s/$range1/$dhip1/g" $conf
sed -i "s/$range2/$dhip2/g" $conf
sed -i "s/$dns/$dhdns/g" $conf
sed -i "s/$gw/$dhgw/g" $conf
sed -i "s/$broadcast/$dhb/g" $conf
#配置dncp地址池2
echo "******配置dhcp地址池2*********"
read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段:" dhnet
read -p "请输入dhcp作用域网段的子网掩码:" dhmask
read -p "请输入地址池开始ip地址:" dhip1
read -p "请输入地址池结束ip地址:" dhip2
read -p "请输入dns:" dhdns
read -p "请输入网关地址:" dhgw
read -p "请输入广播地址:" dhb
#把dhcp配置模板中部分需要的内容复制到dhcp的配置文件中
conf=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
grep -v "#" /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample | grep -v "^$" | sed -n '17,25p' >>$conf
#修改dhcp配置文件
sub1=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $2}' | sed -n 2p)
submask1=$(grep subnet $conf |awk '{print $4}'| sed -n 2p)
range11=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $2}'| sed -n 2p)
range22=$(grep range $conf | awk '{print $3}'| sed -n 2p | awk -f";" '{print $1}')
dns1=$(grep domain-name-servers $conf |awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)
gw1=$(grep routers $conf | awk '{print $3}' | awk -f";" '{print $1}'| sed -n 2p)
broadcast1=$(grep broadcast-address $conf | awk '{print $3}'|awk -f";" '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)
#sed -i 是替换字符串
sed -i "10,18s/$sub1/$dhnet/g" $conf
sed -i "10,18s/$submask1/$dhmask/g" $conf
sed -i "10,18s/$range11/$dhip1/g" $conf
sed -i "10,18s/$range22/$dhip2/g" $conf
sed -i "10,18s/$dns1/$dhdns/g" $conf
sed -i "10,18s/$gw1/$dhgw/g" $conf
sed -i "10,18s/$broadcast1/$dhb/g" $conf
echo "********************************************"
read -p "是否给指定主机分配指定ip(y/n):" zhiding
#注意=两边各有一个空格，这是unix shell的要求
if [ $zhiding = "y" ]
then
read -p "请输入要指定的主机的mac地址：" zmac
read -p "请输入要给主机指定分配的ip(ip必须在地址池内):" zip
echo "host joe {
hardware ethernet $zmac;
fixed-address $zip;
}" >>$conf
fi
#启动dhcp服务
service dhcpd start
}
n=$(rpm -qa | grep dhcp |wc -l)
if [ $n -eq 2 ]
then
#调用函数
dhpool
else
#挂载光盘，开始安装dhcp服务
echo "当前电脑没有安装dhcp服务,开始安装....."
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null
rpm -ivh /mnt/packages/dhcp-4.1.1-38.p1.el6.x86_64.rpm &>/dev/null
echo "dhcp服务安装完成!"
#调用函数
dhpool
fi
;;
2)
#网关服务器配置
service iptables stop &>/dev/null
setenforce 0
#1.获取用户输入的网关服务器的相关网络参数
eth1=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" |awk '{print $1}'|sed -n 1p)
eth2=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" |awk '{print $1}'|sed -n 2p)
gwmac1=$(ifconfig |grep "^eth" |sed -n 1p |awk '{print $5}')
gwmac2=$(ifconfig |grep "^eth" |sed -n 2p |awk '{print $5}')
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口ip地址:" gwip1
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口ip地址的子网掩码:" gwmask1
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口首选dns地址:" gwdns1
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth1接口辅助dns地址:" gwdns2
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口ip地址:" gwip2
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口ip地址的子网掩码:" gwmask2
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口首选dns地址:" gwdns11
read -p "请输入网关服务器的$eth2接口辅助dns地址:" gwdns22
#设置网关服务器的ip地址
echo "device=$eth1
hwaddr=$gwmac1
type=ethernet
onboot=yes
bootproto=static
ipaddr=$gwip1
netmask=$gwmask1
dns1=$gwdns1
dns2=$gwdns2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eth1
echo "device=$eth2
hwaddr=$gwmac2
type=ethernet
onboot=yes
bootproto=static
ipaddr=$gwip2
netmask=$gwmask2
dns1=$gwdns11
dns2=$gwdns22" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$eth2
#重启网络服务
service networkmanager stop
service network restart
#开启路由转发功能,在内核中配置,然后sysctl -p使内核配置生效
sed -i "s/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0/net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1/g" /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p &>/dev/null
;;
3)
#dhcp中继服务器配置
service iptables stop >/dev/null
setenforce 0
#1.获取用户输入的dhcp中继服务器的相关网络参数
dhreth=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $1}')
dhrmac=$(ifconfig | grep "^eth" | awk '{print $5}')
read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的ip地址:" dhrip
read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的子网掩码:" dhrmask
read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的网关地址:" dhrgw
read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的首选dns地址:" dhrdns1
read -p "请输入dhcp中继服务器的辅助dns地址:" dhrdns2
#设置dhcp中继服务器的ip地址
echo "device=$dhreth
hwaddr=$dhrmac
type=ethernet
onboot=yes
bootproto=static
ipaddr=$dhrip
netmask=$dhrmask
gateway=$dhrgw
dns1=$dhrdns1
dns2=$dhrdns2" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$dhreth
#重启网络服务
service networkmanager stop
service network restart
#dhcp中继配置
n1=$(rpm -qa | grep dhcp |wc -l)
if [ $n1 -eq 2 ]
then
read -p "请输入要中继的dhcp服务器的ip地址:" dhcrelayip
sed -i "s/interfaces=\"\"/interfaces=\"$dhreth\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
sed -i "s/dhcpservers=\"\"/dhcpservers=\"$dhcrelayip\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
else
echo "当前电脑没有安装dhcp服务,安装中......"
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt &>/dev/null
rpm -ivh /mnt/packages/dhcp-4.1.1-38.p1.el6.x86_64.rpm &>/dev/null
echo "dhcp服务安装完成!"
read -p "请输入要中继的dhcp服务器的ip地址:" dhcrelayip
sed -i "s/interfaces=\"\"/interfaces=\"$dhreth\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
sed -i "s/dhcpservers=\"\"/dhcpservers=\"$dhcrelayip\"/g" /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
fi
#启动dhcp中继服务
service dhcrelay start
;;
*)
echo "输入错误,请输入相应的数字!"
;;
esac
1.在dhcp server端执行脚本
2.测试dhcp server是否搭建成功，当然也可以看dhcp配置文件看看脚本有没有写进去,注意这里设置了指定分配ip给特定主机，下图可以看到没有从起始ip开始分配，而是分配到了特定的ip
3. 在网关服务器上布置网关配置 #记得开启路由转发功能
4.查看是否配置成功 
5. 在dhcp中继服务器上配置 
6.测试dhcp中继是否配置成功
注意：
本次实验为例避免不必要的因素干扰实验，需要关闭防火墙,service iptables stop 关闭linux系统安全措施 setenforce 0
本次实验可能会出现的问题，redhat系统可能会出现重启网络服务(service network start)，重启失败，提示“激活连接失败”，通过ifdown、ifup或者ifconfig ethx down ifconfig ethx up 还是报错,提示激活连接失败，这时可能是因为network服务与networkmanager服务可能存在冲突,关闭networkmanager服务即可(service networkmanager stop)
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liunx搭建dhcp服务器以及dhcp中继服务器：
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