在前面分享的两篇随笔中分别介绍了httpclient和jsoup以及简单的代码案例：
今天就来实战下，用他们来抓取酷狗音乐网上的 top500排行榜音乐。接下来的代码中除了会用到httpclient和jsoup之外，还会用到log4j和ehcache，分别用来记录日志和实现缓存，如果看官对这两个不是很熟悉的话，请自行百度，现在网上的入门实例有很多，我就不专门记笔记了。
那为什么会想到爬取酷狗音乐网呢？其实也不是我想到的，而是不久前看过某位大神的博客就是爬取酷狗的（具体哪位大神不记得了，见谅哈~~~），我也想用自己的代码试试，并且我看的博客里面好像没有用到缓存，也没有用到代理ip这种反反爬虫的工具，我会在我的爬虫程序里面补上，亲测能自动处理全部23页的歌曲（但是付费歌曲由于必须登录购买才能访问，因此未能下载到，只有其他的400+首非付费歌曲可以正常下载），所以酷狗网的工作人员不要担心哦~~~
话有又说回来了，在那篇博客出来后，也没见酷狗音乐去专门处理下，还能给我留下写这段代码的机会，说明人家酷狗不在乎，毕竟付费歌曲是不能爬取的，而且网站已经有了一定的反爬虫机制。
***************************************************************************
声明：
本爬虫程序和程序爬取到的内容仅限个人学习交流使用，
请勿用于商业用途，否则后果自负
***************************************************************************
好，废话不多说，该上干货了~~
================很华丽的分割线=================
一、设计思路
首先说下思路，我看过的那篇博客没有把过程写详细，我就把它补充下吧：
1.点进去top500排行榜，它的地址栏里面是：，而这个1其实就是页码，访问第n页就把1改成n就行，这个是我爬取的基础
2.点具体某首歌曲，比如《你的酒馆对我打了烊》，新打开页面：https://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=be1e1d3c2a46b4cbd259aca7ff050cd3&album_id=14913769，
3.我们f12分析下网络请求（啥？打开f12没东西？大哥呀你不会再刷新下吗），
你会发现有个耗时很长的请求,而且类型是media，它很可能就是真正获取mp3的请求
仔细看，果然是的，mp3的真实地址是：http://fs.w.kugou.com/201905272134/9d4d81230e6f5c759df51618b03961a7/g126/m00/05/09/hocbafxlaoeat3bzad1nwyw7v5m814.mp3
关掉页面，重新进入该页面，mp3的真是地址是：http://fs.w.kugou.com/201905272139/2897cc9816b82f4cda304d927187b282/g126/m00/05/09/hocbafxlaoeat3bzad1nwyw7v5m814.mp3
根据这个看不出来啥
继续分析，那它是怎么找到这个真实地址的呢？应该是前面的某个请求里面获取到了真实地址，找前面的请求：
这个请求的response里面含有mp3的真实地址，
请求的request为：
https://wwwapi.kugou.com/yy/index.php?r=play/getdata&callback=jquery19106506492572547629_1558964792005&hash=be1e1d3c2a46b4cbd259aca7ff050cd3&album_id=14913769&dfid=3lwatj1pqwvn09grkh3fbfaf&mid=31adc5218ff6a510b05aacad71bc7090&platid=4&_=1558964792007
退出重新获取一次，然后再退出换首歌再获取一下这个request，你会发现一些规律：
粉红色是歌曲播放页面地址栏里面的内容，加粗部分是日期的long值，其他的都可以不变（“jquery19106506492572547629_1558964792005”虽然每次有变化，但是经过尝试，其实没有影响），
所以我们就可以通过请求这个链接来获取带有mp3真实地址的json，然后请求真实地址，从而获取音乐文件。
4.那粉红色部分的值怎么获取呢？查看top500的列表页的源码会发现有段内容，这个里面记录的第n页所有歌曲的hash值、歌曲名、id等基本信息
我要评论// 列表数据
global.features = [{"hash":"be1e1d3c2a46b4cbd259aca7ff050cd3","filename":"\u9648\u96ea\u51dd - \u4f60\u7684\u9152\u9986\u5bf9\u6211\u6253\u4e86\u70ca","timelen":251.048,"privilege":10,"size":4024155,"album_id":14913769,"encrypt_id":"tlk6517"},{"hash":"9198b18815ee8ce42ae368ae29276f78","filename":"\u9648\u96ea\u51dd - \u7eff\u8272","timelen":269.064,"privilege":10,"size":4314636,"album_id":15270740,"encrypt_id":"txskm8f"},{"hash":"458e9b9f362277ac37e9eef1cb80b535","filename":"\u738b\u742a - \u4e07\u7231\u5343\u6069","timelen":322.011,"privilege":10,"size":5152644,"album_id":18712576,"encrypt_id":"vsdz726"},{"hash":"7e91fde7e8d33e8ed11c6db4620917e2","filename":"\u5b64\u72ec\u8bd7\u4eba - \u6e21\u6211\u4e0d\u6e21\u5979","timelen":182.23,"privilege":10,"size":2916145,"album_id":14624971,"encrypt_id":"th6cka5"},{"hash":"9681f4ccd830b8436db5f8218c7df0c7","filename":"\u864e\u4e8c - \u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5e78\u798f","timelen":259.066,"privilege":10,"size":4155201,"album_id":12249679,"encrypt_id":"rniv71f"},{"hash":"44abeaa9cce29afb5c947d4fbd2c567f","filename":"\u5927\u58ee - \u4f2a\u88c5","timelen":301.004,"privilege":10,"size":4817151,"album_id":15999493,"encrypt_id":"u6n6i28"},{"hash":"5fce4cbcb96d6025033bce2025fc3943","filename":"\u5468\u6770\u4f26 - \u544a\u767d\u6c14\u7403","timelen":215,"privilege":10,"size":3443771,"album_id":1645030,"encrypt_id":"d5c5m23"},{"hash":"0a62227caab66f54d43ec084b4bdd81f","filename":"\u5468\u6770\u4f26 - \u7a3b\u9999","timelen":223.582,"privilege":10,"size":3577344,"album_id":960399,"encrypt_id":"74itc7"},{"hash":"a11f7a8bd2ea5bbdb32f58a9081f27b4","filename":"\u82b1\u59d0 - \u72c2\u6d6a","timelen":181.037,"privilege":10,"size":2902317,"album_id":13476703,"encrypt_id":"sfzob9f"},{"hash":"33eb8fe0dc9f70d9f7fe4cb77305d5a8","filename":"\u6d77\u6765\u963f\u6728\u3001\u963f\u5477\u62c9\u53e4\u3001\u66f2\u6bd4\u963f\u4e14 - \u522b\u77e5\u5df1","timelen":280.111,"privilege":10,"size":4482365,"album_id":16324799,"encrypt_id":"uajki71"},{"hash":"76d04f195c1f081cc0cd027a310a7d9a","filename":"\u738b\u742a - \u7ad9\u7740\u7b49\u4f60\u4e09\u5343\u5e74","timelen":381.083,"privilege":10,"size":6109771,"album_id":13886090,"encrypt_id":"sunkg88"},{"hash":"9c00a468d2658487db2de4ed16a12b5a","filename":"\u738b\u8d30\u6d6a - \u50cf\u9c7c","timelen":285.031,"privilege":10,"size":4565459,"album_id":13621986,"encrypt_id":"smhia84"},{"hash":"4f76587a5b0b93eef15883e54dd3e2db","filename":"\u6bdb\u4e0d\u6613 - \u6d88\u6101 (live)","timelen":179,"privilege":10,"size":2870658,"album_id":2900867,"encrypt_id":"gf96d56"},{"hash":"8b7df540f77042fb76da1ee3a79eae0a","filename":"ncf-\u827e\u529b - \u9ece\u660e\u524d\u7684\u9ed1\u6697 (\u5973\u58f0\u7248)","timelen":145.058,"privilege":10,"size":2329748,"album_id":17997426,"encrypt_id":"twhgf05"},{"hash":"7a3269c36d07e88a24fb35d246856fa4","filename":"yusee\u897f - \u5fc3\u5982\u6b62\u6c34","timelen":182.883,"privilege":10,"size":2926594,"album_id":19692772,"encrypt_id":"wd07h77"},{"hash":"7995a2173ed0914868bb860f93c3d642","filename":"\u9b4f\u65b0\u96e8 - \u4f59\u60c5\u672a\u4e86","timelen":216.189,"privilege":10,"size":3459539,"album_id":20709823,"encrypt_id":"wnru4c8"},{"hash":"d8e40da7f51c0486224e008a3b6abd45","filename":"\u5154\u5b50\u7259 - \u5c0f\u767d\u5154\u9047\u4e0a\u5361\u5e03\u5947\u8bfa","timelen":163.087,"privilege":10,"size":2622454,"album_id":12492325,"encrypt_id":"rrrbccf"},{"hash":"d2462b148305ff7d990f3b6eb3f90d66","filename":"\u5f20\u656c\u8f69 - \u53ea\u662f\u592a\u7231\u4f60","timelen":254.302,"privilege":10,"size":4080941,"album_id":558311,"encrypt_id":"3f65bd"},{"hash":"03fe01457005ceef8627be5e5313d230","filename":"\u84dd\u4e03\u4e03 - \u9ece\u660e\u524d\u7684\u9ed1\u6697 (\u5973\u58f0\u7248)","timelen":111.986,"privilege":10,"size":1792253,"album_id":19842582,"encrypt_id":"w8lwi96"},{"hash":"96e064a41ab84ebe4c03c6aae3cb9334","filename":"\u5f20\u7d2b\u8c6a - \u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5","timelen":240.093,"privilege":10,"size":3855453,"album_id":9618875,"encrypt_id":"mkt6v7f"},{"hash":"5d6cce061bd65404bf5669fdd26c40b1","filename":"\u4e01\u8299\u59ae - \u53ea\u662f\u592a\u7231\u4f60","timelen":247.797,"privilege":10,"size":3965342,"album_id":18231730,"encrypt_id":"vhrxi30"},{"hash":"95b48a0894fc2198b6e2b93c034aac72","filename":"\u5468\u6770\u4f26 - \u9752\u82b1\u74f7","timelen":239.046,"privilege":10,"size":3825206,"album_id":979856,"encrypt_id":"7a6sd6"}];
把这些信息获取后放到ehcache缓存，hash为key，album_id为value，循环单个歌曲的时候播放页也能获取到hash，然后根据hash到缓存里面取值即可
5.根据以上获取的信息就可以正常爬取文件了，但是在爬取了一段时间后会发现无法正常下载了，在log中看到请求不到mp3的真实地址， 返回的json报文里面error_code不为0，这个就是爬虫程序被网站识别了，这就要用到代理ip了，当被识别出后就换个代理ip，如此循环下去直到歌曲轮询完或代理ip被用完为止。
二、核心代码展示
有了思路之后，就可以写代码了，由于篇幅原因，这里只贴出部分核心代码，完整代码请在下面的gitee上获取
代码结构：
<!-- httpclient 抓取html -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupid>
<artifactid>httpclient</artifactid>
<version>4.5.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jsoup 解析html-->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.jsoup</groupid>
<artifactid>jsoup</artifactid>
<version>1.11.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 用来下载歌曲，就不用自己写流操作了 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>commons-io</groupid>
<artifactid>commons-io</artifactid>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- fastjson用来处理json -->
<dependency>
<groupid>com.alibaba</groupid>
<artifactid>fastjson</artifactid>
<version>1.2.58</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ehcache用作缓存 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>net.sf.ehcache</groupid>
<artifactid>ehcache</artifactid>
<version>2.10.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入slf4j-nop 纯粹是防止ehcache执行报错 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>org.slf4j</groupid>
<artifactid>slf4j-nop</artifactid>
<version>1.7.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log4j作为日志系统 -->
<dependency>
<groupid>log4j</groupid>
<artifactid>log4j</artifactid>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
package com.sam.kugou.main;
import java.util.list;
import org.apache.log4j.logger;
import org.jsoup.jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.element;
import org.jsoup.select.elements;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.jsonobject;
import com.sam.kugou.utils.downloadmusic;
import com.sam.kugou.utils.ehcacheutil;
import com.sam.kugou.utils.httpclientutil;
public class kugouspidermain {
static final logger logger = logger.getlogger(kugouspidermain.class);
static string url_temp = "https://www.kugou.com/yy/rank/home/page_num-8888.html?from=homepage";
public static final int sleep_time_when_deny = 1000*60*60;//被网站识别后睡眠时间
public static final int spider_during = 1;//隔多久爬取下一首，单位：ms
public static final string dir_name = "e:\\personal\\音乐\\酷狗\\";//音乐下载地址
public static void main(string[] args) {
//酷狗top500页面
try {
for (int i = 1; i <= 23; i++) {
string url = url_temp;
url = url.replace("page_num", i + "");
/**
* 1.请求歌曲列表
*/
logger.info(url);
string html = httpclientutil.gethtml(url);
logger.debug(html);
/**
* 2.获取该页的hash和id 放到缓存
*/
int beginidx = html.indexof("global.features = ");
int endidx = html.indexof("];", beginidx);
string features = html.substring(beginidx, endidx + 1).replace("global.features = ", "");
logger.info("containingowntext >>>>>> " + features);
list<jsonobject> list = jsonobject.parsearray(features, jsonobject.class);
for (jsonobject jsonobject : list) {
string hash = (string) jsonobject.get("hash");
integer albumid = (integer) jsonobject.get("album_id");
ehcacheutil.setcache(hash, albumid);
}
/**
* 3.解析列表内容
*/
document doc = jsoup.parse(html);
elements songlist = doc.select(".pc_temp_songlist ul li a");
for (element element : songlist) {
string title = element.attr("title");
string href = element.attr("href");
if(href.contains("https")) {
try {
thread.sleep(spider_during);
} catch (interruptedexception e) {
logger.error(e.getmessage());
}
logger.info("title " + title +" >>> href " + href);
downloadmusic.requestmusic(title, href);
}
}
}
} catch(exception ex) {
logger.error(ex.getmessage(), ex);
} finally {
/***
* 4.关闭
*/
ehcacheutil.shutdownmanager();
}
}
}
public static void download(string title, string url) {
if(url == null || url.equals("")) {
return ;
}
//已经完成的就不再重新下载
element finishedcache = ehcacheutil.getfinishedcache(title);
logger.debug("finishedcache >>>>> " + finishedcache);
if(finishedcache != null) {
logger.info("歌曲已经存在！！！");
return;
}
string suffix = url.substring(url.lastindexof("."));
try {
httpentity httpentity = httpclientutil.gethttpentity(url);
inputstream inputstream = httpentity.getcontent();
string filepath = kugouspidermain.dir_name+title+suffix;
fileutils.copytofile(inputstream, new file(filepath));
logger.info("***完成下载：***"+title+suffix);
logger.info("***总歌曲数量：***"+(new file(kugouspidermain.dir_name)).list().length);
ehcacheutil.setfinishedcache(url, title);
} catch (ioexception e) {
logger.error(e.getmessage());
}
}
public static boolean setproxy() {
// 1.创建一个httpclient
closeablehttpclient httpclient = httpclients.createdefault();
closeablehttpresponse response = null;
string url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fate0/proxylist/master/proxy.list";
try {
response = dorequest(httpclient, url);
logger.debug("gethtml " + url + "**处理结果：**" + response.getstatusline());
// 5.判断返回结果，200， 成功
if (httpstatus.sc_ok == response.getstatusline().getstatuscode()) {
httpentity httpentity = response.getentity();
string html = entityutils.tostring(httpentity, "utf-8");
html = "["+html+"]";
list<jsonobject> list = jsonarray.parsearray(html, jsonobject.class);
for (jsonobject jsonobject : list) {
int port = integer.valueof(jsonobject.get("port").tostring());
string host = jsonobject.get("host").tostring();
logger.info(host + ":"+port);
if(ishostconnectable(host, port)) {//代理ip可以连接
element ipscache = ehcacheutil.getproxyipscache(host, port);//代理ip未使用过
if(ipscache == null) {
proxyip = host;
proxyport = port;
ehcacheutil.setproxyipscache(host, port);
break;
} else {
logger.info("该代理ip已经使用过，切换下一个");
}
}
}
}
} catch (exception e) {
logger.error(e.getmessage(),e);
return false;
} finally {
// 关闭
httpclientutils.closequietly(response);
httpclientutils.closequietly(httpclient);
}
logger.info("切换代理ip成功：>>>" + proxyip + ":" + proxyport);
return true;
}
三、源码下载
源码已经上传到我的gitee:
欢迎下载~~
四、遗留问题
1.只能抓取到免费歌曲，对于收费歌曲不能抓取，其实我们也不该抓取
2.代码中为了方便用了很多static，不能支持多线程或并发抓取
3.其实代理ip那里可以优化的
声明：
本爬虫程序和程序爬取到的内容仅限个人学习交流使用，请勿用于商业用途，否则后果自负！！！谢谢
如对本文有疑问， 点击进行留言回复！！
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