在centos 6.3下安装完oracle 10g r2，重开机之后，你会发现oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在linux下安装oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。
一、在linux下启动oracle
登录到centos，切换到oracle用户权限
# su – oracle
接着输入：
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
原本的画面会变为
sql>
接着请输入
sql> startup
就可以正常的启动数据库了。
另外停止数据库的指令如下：
sql> shutdown immediate
二、检查oracle db监听器是否正常
回到终端机模式，输入：
$ lsnrctl status
检查看看监听器是否有启动
如果没有启动，可以输入：
$ lsnrctl start
启动监听器
sql> conn sys@orcl as sysdba
然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。
三、启动emctl
另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：
$ emctl start dbconsole
这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：
手动启动oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动oracle的脚本。
四、oracle启动&停止脚本
1. 修改oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。
# vi /etc/oratab orcl:/opt/oracle/102:y # entries are of the form: # $oracle_sid:$oracle_home:<n|y>:
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：
#!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 35 80 10 # description: oracle auto start-stop script. # # set ora_home to be equivalent to the $oracle_home # from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut; # # set ora_owner to the user id of the owner of the # oracle database in ora_home. ora_home=/opt/oracle/102 ora_owner=oracle if [ ! -f $ora_home/bin/dbstart ] then echo "oracle startup: cannot start" exit fi case "$1" in 'start') # start the oracle databases: echo "starting oracle databases ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %t %a %d : starting oracle databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle echo "done" # start the listener: echo "starting oracle listeners ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %t %a %d : starting oracle listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle echo "done." echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %t %a %d : finished." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle ;; 'stop') # stop the oracle listener: echo "stoping oracle listeners ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %t %a %d : stoping oracle listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle echo "done." rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle # stop the oracle database: echo "stoping oracle databases ... " echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %t %a %d : stoping oracle databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ora_owner -c "$ora_home/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle echo "done." echo "" echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle date +" %t %a %d : finished." >> /var/log/oracle echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle ;; 'restart') $0 stop $0 start ;; esac
3. 改变文件权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
4. 添加服务
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/k01oracle //关机 # ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/k01oracle //重启
6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //启动oracle # service oracle stop //关闭oracle # service oracle restart //重启oracle
7. 测试
a. 开机自启动
last login: mon nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145 [root@ors ~]# su - oracle [oracle@ors ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" sql*plus: release 10.2.0.1.0 - production on mon nov 26 20:07:33 2012 copyright (c) 1982, 2005, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.1.0 - production with the partitioning, olap and data mining options sql> set linesize 300; sql> set pagesize 30; sql> select * from scott.emp; empno ename job mgr hiredate sal comm deptno ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- smith clerk 7902 17-dec-80 800 20 allen salesman 7698 20-feb-81 1600 300 30 ward salesman 7698 22-feb-81 1250 500 30 jones manager 7839 02-apr-81 2975 20 martin salesman 7698 28-sep-81 1250 1400 30 blake manager 7839 01-may-81 2850 30 clark manager 7839 09-jun-81 2450 10 scott analyst 7566 19-apr-87 3000 20 king president 17-nov-81 5000 10 turner salesman 7698 08-sep-81 1500 0 30 adams clerk 7788 23-may-87 1100 20 james clerk 7698 03-dec-81 950 30 ford analyst 7566 03-dec-81 3000 20 miller clerk 7782 23-jan-82 1300 10 rows selected. sql>
b. service oracle stop
sql> disconnected from oracle database 10g enterprise edition release 10.2.0.1.0 - production with the partitioning, olap and data mining options [oracle@ors ~]$ logout [root@ors ~]# service oracle stop stoping oracle listeners ... done. stoping oracle databases ... done. [root@ors ~]# su - oracle [oracle@ors ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" sql*plus: release 10.2.0.1.0 - production on mon nov 26 20:17:20 2012 copyright (c) 1982, 2005, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to an idle instance. sql> set linesize 300; sql> set pagesize 30; sql> select * from scott.emp; select * from scott.emp * error at line 1: ora-01034: oracle not available sql>
c. service oracle start
sql> disconnected [oracle@ors ~]$ logout [root@ors ~]# service oracle start starting oracle databases ... done starting oracle listeners ... done. [root@ors ~]#
d. service oracle restart
[root@ors ~]# service oracle restart stoping oracle listeners ... done. stoping oracle databases ... done. starting oracle databases ... done starting oracle listeners ... done. [root@ors ~]#
至此，oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。
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