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Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能

2019年07月18日 | 移动技术网网络运营 | 我要评论

一、简介

本文使用docker实现mysql主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。

二、环境准备

1.基础环境

java

java version "1.8.0_111"
java(tm) se runtime environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)
java hotspot(tm) 64-bit server vm (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)

docker

client:
 version:	18.03.0-ce
 api version:	1.37
 go version:	go1.9.4
 git commit:	0520e24
 built:	wed mar 21 23:09:15 2018
 os/arch:	linux/amd64
 experimental:	false
 orchestrator:	swarm

server:
 engine:
 version:	18.03.0-ce
 api version:	1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
 go version:	go1.9.4
 git commit:	0520e24
 built:	wed mar 21 23:13:03 2018
 os/arch:	linux/amd64
 experimental:	false

三、安装mysql主从配置

1.部署信息

节点名称	数据名称	节点ip	端口
master	marster	192.168.92.50	3306
slave	slave	192.168.92.51	3307
mycat	mycat	192.168.92.50	8066/9066

2.主节点配置文件

创建mysql主节点配置文件

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master
mkdir conf data

创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=master-bin #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='set names utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8
[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave
mkdir conf data

[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin 
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='set names utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8
[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

3.创建mysql容器

此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器

创建主节点myslq

docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e mysql_root_password=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

创建从节点mysql

docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e mysql_root_password=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

4.开启主从复制

step 1 进入主节点

docker exec -it master /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p

step 2 创建用户

create user 'backuser'@'%' identified by 'root';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'backuser'@'%';

flush privileges;

show master status;
mariadb [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| file    | position | binlog_do_db | binlog_ignore_db |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |  787 |    |     |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步

docker exec -it slave /bin/bash

mysql -uroot -proot

change master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backuser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;

开启主从复制：

start slave;

从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position

检查主从复制是否ok

show slave status \g;

*************************** 1. row ***************************
    slave_io_state: waiting for master to send event
     master_host: 192.168.92.50
     master_user: backuser
     master_port: 3306
     connect_retry: 60
    master_log_file: master-bin.000005
   read_master_log_pos: 343
    relay_log_file: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
     relay_log_pos: 556
   relay_master_log_file: master-bin.000005
    slave_io_running: yes
    slave_sql_running: yes

slave出现2个yes,代表主从复制设置成功。

5、安装mycat

下载mycat在50节点实现安装

tar -zxvf mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz

mv mycat/ /usr/local/

修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- - - licensed under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license"); 
	- you may not use this file except in compliance with the license. - you 
	may obtain a copy of the license at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0 
	- - unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
	distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis, - without 
	warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied. - see the 
	license for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
	under the license. -->
<!doctype mycat:server system "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
	<system>
	<property name="nonepasswordlogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
	<property name="usehandshakev10">1</property>
	<property name="usesqlstat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
	<property name="useglobletablecheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
	<property name="sequncehandlertype">0</property>
	<property name="subqueryrelationshipcheck">false</property>
	<property name="processorbufferpooltype">0</property>
	<property name="handledistributedtransactions">0</property>
	<property name="useoffheapformerge">1</property>
		<!--单位为m-->
  <property name="memorypagesize">64k</property>
		<!--单位为k-->
		<property name="spillsfilebuffersize">1k</property>
		<property name="usestreamoutput">0</property>
		<!--单位为m-->
		<property name="systemreservememorysize">384m</property>
		<!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
		<property name="usezkswitch">false</property>
		<!-- xa recovery log日志名称 -->
		<!--<property name="xarecoverylogbasename">tmlog</property>-->
		<!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
		<property name="stricttxisolation">false</property>
		<property name="usezkswitch">true</property>
	</system>
	<user name="root">
		<property name="password">123456</property>
		<property name="schemas">test</property>
	</user>
</mycat:server>

上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test。

配置rule规则

修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!doctype mycat:schema system "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

	<schema name="test" checksqlschema="false" sqlmaxlimit="100">
   <table name="tb_user" primarykey="id" autoincrement="true" datanode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="userrule" />
		<table name="tb_category" primarykey="id" datanode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="categoryrule" />
	</schema>
	<datanode name="dn1" datahost="localhost1" database="db1" />
	<datanode name="dn2" datahost="localhost1" database="db2" />
	<datanode name="dn3" datahost="localhost1" database="db3" />
	<datanode name="dn4" datahost="localhost1" database="db4" />

	<datahost name="localhost1" maxcon="1000" mincon="10" balance="1"
			 writetype="0" dbtype="mysql" dbdriver="native" switchtype="1" slavethreshold="100">
		<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
		<!-- 读写分离配置 -->
		<writehost host="hostm1" url="192.168.92.50:3306" user="root"
				 password="123456">
			<readhost host="hosts2" url="192.168.92.51:3307" user="root" password="123456" />
		</writehost>
	</datahost>
</mycat:schema>

上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。

datanode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应datahost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。

配置表分片规则文件rule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- - - licensed under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license"); 
	- you may not use this file except in compliance with the license. - you 
	may obtain a copy of the license at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0 
	- - unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
	distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis, - without 
	warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied. - see the 
	license for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
	under the license. -->
<!doctype mycat:rule system "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
 <!-- 配置数据库规则 -->
 	<tablerule name="userrule">
		<rule>
			<columns>id</columns>
			<algorithm>func1</algorithm>
		</rule>
	</tablerule>
	<!-- 配置数据库test tb_category规则 -->
	<tablerule name="categoryrule">
		<rule>
			<columns>id</columns>
			<algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
		</rule>
	</tablerule>
	<function name="murmur"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbymurmurhash">
		<property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
		<property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
		<property name="virtualbuckettimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
		<!-- <property name="weightmapfile">weightmapfile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
		<!-- <property name="bucketmappath">/etc/mycat/bucketmappath</property> 
			用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
	</function>

	<function name="crc32slot"
			 class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbycrc32preslot">
	</function>
	<function name="hash-int"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbyfilemap">
		<property name="mapfile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
	</function>
	<function name="rang-long"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.autopartitionbylong">
		<property name="mapfile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
	</function>
	<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbymod">
		<!-- how many data nodes -->
		<property name="count">3</property>
	</function>

	<function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbylong">
		<property name="partitioncount">8</property>
		<property name="partitionlength">128</property>
	</function>
	<function name="latestmonth"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.latestmonthpartion">
		<property name="splitoneday">24</property>
	</function>
	<function name="partbymonth"
		class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbymonth">
		<property name="dateformat">yyyy-mm-dd</property>
		<property name="sbegindate">2015-01-01</property>
	</function>
	
	<function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbyrangemod">
  	<property name="mapfile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
	</function>
	
	<function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.partitionbyjumpconsistenthash">
		<property name="totalbuckets">3</property>
	</function>
</mycat:rule>

上述文件重点关注第一个tablerule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中 func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了partitionbylong分片算法。

conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：

tb_user.hisids=
tb_user.minid=1
tb_user.maxid=20000
tb_user.curid=1

主要申明了主键增长的策略。

四、mycat分库分表实践测试

1.master节点手动创建数据库

master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)

此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。

2.开启mycat

使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat

./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前台运行
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停
./mycat status 查看启动状态

如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。

fatal | wrapper | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | error: could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: no such file or directory

如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。

[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status
mycat-server is running (5065).

上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。

2.放行mycat通信端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例

docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e mysql_root_password=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker

或者关闭防火墙。

3. mycat连接

使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)

使用命令连接mycat

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -p8066 
welcome to the mariadb monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 12
server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 mycat server (openclouddb)

copyright (c) 2000, 2017, oracle, mariadb corporation ab and others.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql [(none)]>

管理端命令：

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -p9066

查看虚拟逻辑库：

mysql [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| database |
+----------+
| test   |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql [(none)]>

使用逻辑库创建表：

mysql [(none)]> use test;

create table `tb_user` (
 `id` bigint(20) not null auto_increment,
 `username` varchar(50) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci not null comment '用户名',
 `password` varchar(32) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci not null comment '密码，加密存储',
 `phone` varchar(20) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci null default null comment '注册手机号',
 `email` varchar(50) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci null default null comment '注册邮箱',
 `created` datetime(0) not null,
 `updated` datetime(0) not null,
 primary key (`id`) using btree,
 unique index `username`(`username`) using btree,
 unique index `phone`(`phone`) using btree,
 unique index `email`(`email`) using btree
) engine = innodb auto_increment = 54 character set = utf8 collate = utf8_general_ci comment = '用户表' row_format = compact;

可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表

在创建一张表：

create table `tb_category` (
 `id` varchar(5) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci not null,
 `name` varchar(200) character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci null default null comment '名字',
 `sort_order` int(4) not null default 1 comment '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数',
 `created` datetime(0) null default null,
 `updated` datetime(0) null default null,
 primary key (`id`) using btree,
 index `updated`(`updated`) using btree
) engine = innodb character set = utf8 collate = utf8_general_ci row_format = compact;

插入一条数据：

insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');

为测试分库效果，我们插入不同id的数据来观察一下：

insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

insert into `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) values (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。

查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -p9066 
welcome to the mariadb monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 16
server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 mycat server (monitor)

copyright (c) 2000, 2017, oracle, mariadb corporation ab and others.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| name  | type | host     | port | rs_code | retry | status | timeout | execute_time | last_active_time  | stop |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostm1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |    1 |   0 | idle  |  30000 | 1,9,6    | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
| hosts2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |    1 |   0 | idle  |  30000 | 1,9,67381  | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.36 sec)

上述 rs_code 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。

查询mycat所有命令：

mysql [(none)]> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| statement                          | description                |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current                     | report current timestamp          |
| show @@time.startup                     | report startup timestamp          |
| show @@version                        | report mycat server version        |
| show @@server                        | report server status            |
| show @@threadpool                      | report threadpool status          |
| show @@database                       | report databases              |
| show @@datanode                       | report datanodes              |
| show @@datanode where schema = ?               | report datanodes              |
| show @@datasource                      | report datasources             |
| show @@datasource where datanode = ?             | report datasources             |
| show @@datasource.synstatus                 | report datasource data synchronous     |
| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=?           | report datasource data synchronous detail |
| show @@datasource.cluster                  | report datasource galary cluster variables |
| show @@processor                       | report processor status          |
| show @@command                        | report commands status           |
| show @@connection                      | report connection status          |
| show @@cache                         | report system cache usage         |
| show @@backend                        | report backend connection status      |
| show @@session                        | report front session details        |
| show @@connection.sql                    | report connection sql           |
| show @@sql.execute                      | report execute status           |
| show @@sql.detail where id = ?                | report execute detail status        |
| show @@sql                          | report sql list              |
| show @@sql.high                       | report hight frequency sql         |
| show @@sql.slow                       | report slow sql              |
| show @@sql.resultset                     | report big resultset sql          |
| show @@sql.sum                        | report user rw stat            |
| show @@sql.sum.user                     | report user rw stat            |
| show @@sql.sum.table                     | report table rw stat           |
| show @@parser                        | report parser status            |
| show @@router                        | report router status            |
| show @@heartbeat                       | report heartbeat status          |
| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=?             | report heartbeat current detail      |
| show @@slow where schema = ?                 | report schema slow sql           |
| show @@slow where datanode = ?                | report datanode slow sql          |
| show @@sysparam                       | report system param            |
| show @@syslog limit=?                    | report system mycat.log          |
| show @@white                         | show mycat white host           |
| show @@white.set=?,?                     | set mycat white host,[ip,user]       |
| show @@directmemory=1 or 2                  | show mycat direct memory usage       |
| show @@check_global -schema= ? -table=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency    |
| switch @@datasource name:index                | switch datasource             |
| kill @@connection id1,id2,...                | kill the specified connections       |
| stop @@heartbeat name:time                  | pause datanode heartbeat          |
| reload @@config                       | reload basic config from file       |
| reload @@config_all                     | reload all config from file        |
| reload @@route                        | reload route config from file       |
| reload @@user                        | reload user config from file        |
| reload @@sqlslow=                      | set slow sql time(ms)           |
| reload @@user_stat                      | reset show @@sql @@sql.sum @@sql.slow   |
| rollback @@config                      | rollback all config from memory      |
| rollback @@route                       | rollback route config from memory     |
| rollback @@user                       | rollback user config from memory      |
| reload @@sqlstat=open                    | open real-time sql stat analyzer      |
| reload @@sqlstat=close                    | close real-time sql stat analyzer     |
| offline                           | change mycat status to off         |
| online                            | change mycat status to on         |
| clear @@slow where schema = ?                | clear slow sql by schema          |
| clear @@slow where datanode = ?               | clear slow sql by datanode         |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.16 sec)

遇到如下错误：

修改schema.xml 文件属性checksqlschema:

<schema name="test" checksqlschema="true" sqlmaxlimit="100">

遇到如下错误：

jvm 1  | caused by: io.mycat.config.util.configexception: org.xml.sax.saxparseexception; linenumber: 97; columnnumber: 42; attribute "defaultaccount" must be declared for element type "user".
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.xmlserverloader.load(xmlserverloader.java:111)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.xmlserverloader.<init>(xmlserverloader.java:69)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.xmlconfigloader.<init>(xmlconfigloader.java:56)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.configinitializer.<init>(configinitializer.java:77)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.mycatconfig.<init>(mycatconfig.java:72)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.mycatserver.<init>(mycatserver.java:144)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.mycatserver.<clinit>(mycatserver.java:96)
jvm 1  | 	... 7 more
jvm 1  | caused by: org.xml.sax.saxparseexception; linenumber: 97; columnnumber: 42; attribute "defaultaccount" must be declared for element type "user".

请修改server.xml 文件，将user模块的defaultaccount取消：

<user name="root" >
	<property name="password">123456</property>
	<property name="schemas">test</property>
</user>

最后放一张mycat查询结果截图：

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