在 java web开发过程中，难免会有一些系统异常或人为产生一些异常。在 restful springboot 项目中如何优雅的处理？
分析：在restful 风格的springboot 项目中，返回的都是 body 对象，所以定义一个结果基类，其中包含 status,message,data(请求方法的返回结果),是比较合适的。
如果定义多个异常类进行处理，会比较麻烦。比如studentnotexistsexception、studentexistsexception。。。等，并且不能指定错误码，不方便前端根据错误码进行处理。
说明：一般的spring mvc模型处理流程如下
一般controller层 -> service层 -> dao层。
1.controller层，接受请求，进行分页，dto对象封装操作。
2.service层，执行逻辑，控制并发，事务。
3.dao层，与数据库交互。
使用一个学生表的处理进行说明：
1、定义常见的错误枚举 studentexceptionenum
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public enum studentexceptionenum {
student_not_exist(1004,"学生不存在，请确认后再查"),
student_exist(1005,"学生已存在");
private integer status;
private string comment;
studentexceptionenum(integer status, string comment) {
this.status = status;
this.comment = comment;
}
public integer getstatus() {
return status;
}
public void setstatus(integer status) {
this.status = status;
}
public string getcomment() {
return comment;
}
public void setcomment(string comment) {
this.comment = comment;
}
}
2 定义一个基本的处理结果类 requestresult
@data
public class requestresult {
private string message;
private integer status;
private object data;
public requestresult(string message, integer status, object data) {
this.message = message;
this.status = status;
this.data = data;
}
public requestresult(string message, integer status) {
this.message = message;
this.status = status;
}
public requestresult(string message, studentexceptionenum requestexceptionenum) {
this.message = message;
this.status = requestexceptionenum.getstatus();
}
public requestresult() {
status = 200;
message = "ok";
}
public static requestresult ok(object data) {
requestresult result = new requestresult();
result.setdata(data);
return result;
}
public static requestresult exception(string message, integer status) {
return new requestresult(message, status);
}
public static requestresult exception(string message, studentexceptionenum requestexceptionenum) {
return new requestresult(message, requestexceptionenum);
}
}
3 实体类 student
@data
public class student implements serializable{
private string id;
private string nickname;
private string name;
private int age;
private string sex;
private string address;
@override
public string tostring() {
return tostringbuilder.reflectiontostring(this);
}
}
4 处理请求，添加学生，nickname 必填项。此处只显示 service 片段代码
@override
public requestresult addstudent(student student) {
if (studentdao.queryidbynickname(student.getnickname()) == null) {
studentdao.addstudent(student);
system.out.println("添加成功");
student = studentdao.querybynickname(student.getnickname());
return requestresult.ok(student);
} else {
return requestresult.exception("用户" + student.getnickname() + "已存在", studentexceptionenum.student_exist);
}
}
5 此时，已经完成了基本的处理情况。下面就进行基本的测试了
5.1 添加一个新同学信息
5.2 再次添加让其出现异常测试
二、到此基本已大功告成，但是，对于基本的运行时异常没有处理，直接返回给前端会很不友好。所以要定义一个全局的 runtimeexception 异常处理类。
此处需要使用的关键标注： @exceptionhandler
用法有两种 1）在处理请求的 controller 中添加 @exceptionhandler，此时该方法只会处理该 controller 抛出的异常。
2）将其用在全局的异常处理类中，全局异常处理类需要使用 @restcontrolleradvice 或 @controlleradvice 标记
我们需要处理全局的 runtimeexception，所以我们使用第二种方法。当然，这样处理是为了客户友好型，我们还是要处理这种错误，怎么办？就需要将错误的信息记录下来，方便以后分析处理。此处使用 logger 进行记录。代码如下
@restcontrolleradvice
public class baseexceptionhandler {
private static logger logger = loggerfactory.getlogger(baseexceptionhandler.class);
@exceptionhandler(value = runtimeexception.class)
public requestresult exceptionhandler(httpservletrequest request,exception e) {
logerror(request,e);
return requestresult.exception("内部处理异常，工程师正在抓紧抢修，请稍后再来...",500);
}
public static void logerror(httpservletrequest request, exception e) {
logger.error("请求地址：" + request.getrequesturl());
logger.error("请求方法：" + request.getmethod());
logger.error("请求ip：" + getremoteip(request));
logger.error("错误详情：");
stacktraceelement[] error = e.getstacktrace();
for (stacktraceelement stacktraceelement : error) {
logger.error(stacktraceelement.tostring());
}
}
public static string getremoteip(httpservletrequest request) {
string ip = request.getheader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsignorecase(ip)) {
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsignorecase(ip)) {
ip = request.getheader("proxy-client-ip");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsignorecase(ip)) {
ip = request.getheader("wl-proxy-client-ip");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsignorecase(ip)) {
ip = request.getheader("http_client_ip");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsignorecase(ip)) {
ip = request.getheader("http_x_forwarded_for");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsignorecase(ip)) {
ip = request.getremoteaddr();
}
} else if (ip.length() > 15) {
string[] ips = ip.split(",");
for (int index = 0; index < ips.length; index++) {
string strip = (string) ips[index];
if (!("unknown".equalsignorecase(strip))) {
ip = strip;
break;
}
}
}
return ip;
}
}
进行测试看是否生效：
修改添加学生信息代码如下：
public requestresult addstudent(student student) {
int a = 1/0;
if (studentdao.queryidbynickname(student.getnickname()) == null) {
studentdao.addstudent(student);
system.out.println("添加成功");
student = studentdao.querybynickname(student.getnickname());
return requestresult.ok(student);
} else {
return requestresult.exception("用户'" + student.getnickname() + "'已存在", studentexceptionenum.student_exist);
}
}
进行测试
后台打印错误信息
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : 请求地址：http://localhost:8080/demo1/student 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : 请求方法：post 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : 请求ip：0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : 错误详情： 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : com.huitong.demo.service.studentservice.addstudent(studentservice.java:71) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : com.huitong.demo.controller.studentcontroller.addstudent(studentcontroller.java:38) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke0(native method) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke(nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:62) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : sun.reflect.delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.invoke(delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:43) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:498) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.invocablehandlermethod.doinvoke(invocablehandlermethod.java:209) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.invocablehandlermethod.invokeforrequest(invocablehandlermethod.java:136) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.servletinvocablehandlermethod.invokeandhandle(servletinvocablehandlermethod.java:102) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandleradapter.invokehandlermethod(requestmappinghandleradapter.java:870) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.requestmappinghandleradapter.handleinternal(requestmappinghandleradapter.java:776) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.abstracthandlermethodadapter.handle(abstracthandlermethodadapter.java:87) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.dodispatch(dispatcherservlet.java:991) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet.doservice(dispatcherservlet.java:925) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.processrequest(frameworkservlet.java:978) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.dopost(frameworkservlet.java:881) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:661) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.frameworkservlet.service(frameworkservlet.java:855) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : javax.servlet.http.httpservlet.service(httpservlet.java:742) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:231) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.wsfilter.dofilter(wsfilter.java:52) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : com.alibaba.druid.support.http.webstatfilter.dofilter(webstatfilter.java:123) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.requestcontextfilter.dofilterinternal(requestcontextfilter.java:99) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.httpputformcontentfilter.dofilterinternal(httpputformcontentfilter.java:109) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.hiddenhttpmethodfilter.dofilterinternal(hiddenhttpmethodfilter.java:81) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.characterencodingfilter.dofilterinternal(characterencodingfilter.java:200) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.springframework.web.filter.onceperrequestfilter.dofilter(onceperrequestfilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.internaldofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.applicationfilterchain.dofilter(applicationfilterchain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.standardwrappervalve.invoke(standardwrappervalve.java:199) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.standardcontextvalve.invoke(standardcontextvalve.java:96) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.authenticator.authenticatorbase.invoke(authenticatorbase.java:496) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.standardhostvalve.invoke(standardhostvalve.java:140) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.valves.errorreportvalve.invoke(errorreportvalve.java:81) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.core.standardenginevalve.invoke(standardenginevalve.java:87) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.catalina.connector.coyoteadapter.service(coyoteadapter.java:342) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.coyote.http11.http11processor.service(http11processor.java:803) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.coyote.abstractprocessorlight.process(abstractprocessorlight.java:66) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.coyote.abstractprotocol$connectionhandler.process(abstractprotocol.java:790) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.nioendpoint$socketprocessor.dorun(nioendpoint.java:1459) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.socketprocessorbase.run(socketprocessorbase.java:49) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor.runworker(threadpoolexecutor.java:1142) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : java.util.concurrent.threadpoolexecutor$worker.run(threadpoolexecutor.java:617) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.taskthread$wrappingrunnable.run(taskthread.java:61) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 error 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.baseexceptionhandler : java.lang.thread.run(thread.java:745) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.133 warn 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] .m.m.a.exceptionhandlerexceptionresolver : resolved exception caused by handler execution: java.lang.arithmeticexception: / by zero
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springboot 错误处理小结，希望对大家有所帮助
如对本文有疑问， 点击进行留言回复！！
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