SpringMVC实现表单验证功能详解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 
 <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion> 
 <groupid>com.springmvc</groupid> 
 <artifactid>springmvc</artifactid> 
 <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version> 
 <packaging>war</packaging> 
 
 <!-- 若不配置，打包时会提示错误信息 
 failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) on project springmvc: compilation failure: 
 提示 未结束的字符串文字 ，若字符串后面加上空格后可以打包成功，但会乱码。 
 原因是：maven使用的是默认的compile插件来进行编译的。complier是maven的核心插件之一，然而complier插件默认只支持编译java 1.4 
 --> 
 <build> 
 <plugins> 
  <plugin> 
   <artifactid>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactid> 
   <configuration> 
    <source>1.7</source> 
    <target>1.7</target> 
    <encoding>utf-8</encoding> 
   </configuration> 
  </plugin> 
 </plugins> 
 </build> 
 
 <properties> 
 <spring.version>4.1.3.release</spring.version> 
 </properties> 
 <dependencies> 
 <!-- spring begin --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-webmvc</artifactid> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-context</artifactid> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-aop</artifactid> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-core</artifactid> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
  
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> 
  <artifactid>spring-web</artifactid> 
  <version>${spring.version}</version> 
 </dependency> 
 
 <!-- spring end --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>javax.servlet</groupid> 
  <artifactid>javax.servlet-api</artifactid> 
  <version>4.0.0</version> 
  <scope>provided</scope> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>javax.servlet</groupid> 
  <artifactid>jstl</artifactid> 
  <version>1.2</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>taglibs</groupid> 
  <artifactid>standard</artifactid> 
  <version>1.1.2</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <!-- 缺少jsp-api 则提示 javax.servlet.jsp.jspexception cannot be resolved to a type --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>javax.servlet.jsp</groupid> 
  <artifactid>jsp-api</artifactid> 
  <version>2.2</version> 
  <scope>provided</scope> 
 </dependency> 
 <!-- jsr 303 start --> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>org.hibernate</groupid> 
  <artifactid>hibernate-validator</artifactid> 
  <version>5.4.1.final</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <dependency> 
  <groupid>javax.validation</groupid> 
  <artifactid>validation-api</artifactid> 
  <version>1.1.0.final</version> 
 </dependency> 
 <!-- jsr 303 end --> 
   
 </dependencies> 
</project> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> 
 
 <!-- 配置自定扫描的包 --> 
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.itdragon.springmvc" /> 
 
 <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> 
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.internalresourceviewresolver"> 
  <property name="prefix" value="/web-inf/views/"></property> 
  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> 
 </bean> 
  
 <!-- 配置注解驱动 --> 
 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 
 
 <!-- 配置视图 beannameviewresolver 解析器 
  使用视图的名字来解析视图 
  通过 order 属性来定义视图解析器的优先级, order 值越小优先级越高 
 --> 
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.beannameviewresolver"> 
  <property name="order" value="100"></property> 
 </bean> 
  
 <!-- 配置直接跳转的页面，无需经过controller层 
  http://localhost:8080/springmvc/index 
  然后会跳转到 web-inf/views/index.jsp 页面 
 --> 
 <mvc:view-controller path="/index" view-name="index"/> 
  
 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> 
  
 <!-- 配置国际化资源文件 --> 
 <bean id="messagesource" 
  class="org.springframework.context.support.resourcebundlemessagesource"> 
  <property name="basename" value="i18n"></property> 
 </bean> 
  
</beans> 

import java.util.map; 
import javax.validation.valid; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.controller; 
import org.springframework.validation.errors; 
import org.springframework.validation.fielderror; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.modelattribute; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.pathvariable; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmethod; 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestparam; 
 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.dao.positiondao; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.dao.userdao; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.user; 
 
@controller 
public class usercontroller { 
 
 @autowired 
 private userdao userdao; 
  
 @autowired 
 private positiondao positiondao; 
  
 private static final string input = "input"; // 跳转到编辑页面 
 
 private static final string list = "list"; // 跳转到用户列表页面 
 
 @modelattribute 
 public void getuser(@requestparam(value="id",required=false) integer id, 
   map<string, object> map){ 
  if(id != null){ 
   map.put("user", userdao.getuserbyid(id)); 
  } 
 } 
  
 // 更新用户，用put请求方式区别get请求方式，属于springmvc rest 风格的crud 
 @requestmapping(value="/user", method=requestmethod.put) 
 public string updateuser(user user){ 
  userdao.save(user); 
  return "redirect:/users"; 
 } 
  
 // 点击编辑跳转编辑页面 
 @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}", method=requestmethod.get) 
 public string input(@pathvariable("id") integer id, map<string, object> map){ 
  map.put("user", userdao.getuserbyid(id)); 
  map.put("positions", positiondao.queryallpositions()); 
  return input; 
 } 
  
 // 通过id删除用户 
 @requestmapping(value="/delete/{id}", method=requestmethod.get) 
 public string delete(@pathvariable("id") integer id){ 
  userdao.deleteuserbyid(id); 
  return "redirect:/users"; 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 新增用户，若保存成功则跳转到用户列表页面，若失败则跳转到编辑页面 
  * @param user 用 @valid 注解修饰后，可实现数据校验的逻辑 
  * @param result 数据校验结果 
  * @param map 数据模型 
  * @return 
  */ 
 @requestmapping(value="/user", method=requestmethod.post) 
 public string save(@valid user user, errors result, map<string, object> map){ 
  if(result.geterrorcount() > 0){ 
   for(fielderror error : result.getfielderrors()){ 
    system.out.println(error.getfield() + " : " + error.getdefaultmessage()); 
   } 
   map.put("positions", positiondao.queryallpositions()); 
   return input; 
  } 
  userdao.save(user); 
  return "redirect:/users"; 
 } 
  
 @requestmapping(value="/user", method=requestmethod.get) 
 public string input(map<string, object> map){ 
  map.put("positions", positiondao.queryallpositions()); 
  map.put("user", new user()); 
  return input; 
 } 
  
 // 跳转用户列表页面 
 @requestmapping("/users") 
 public string list(map<string, object> map){ 
  map.put("users", userdao.queryallusers()); 
  return list; 
 } 
  
} 

string name  @notnull @notempty @notblank
null       false    false    false
""       true    false    false
" "       true    true    false
"itdragon!"   true    true    true

import java.util.date; 
import javax.validation.constraints.decimalmin; 
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.email; 
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.notempty; 
import org.springframework.format.annotation.datetimeformat; 
import org.springframework.format.annotation.numberformat; 
 
public class user { 
  
 private integer id; 
 @notempty 
 private string account; 
 @email 
 @notempty 
 private string email; 
 private integer sex; 
 private position position; 
 @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd") 
 private date createddate; 
 @numberformat(pattern="###,###.#") 
 @decimalmin("2000") 
 private double salary; 
  
 public user() { 
 } 
 public user(integer id, string account, string email, integer sex, 
   position position, date createddate, double salary) { 
  this.id = id; 
  this.account = account; 
  this.email = email; 
  this.sex = sex; 
  this.position = position; 
  this.createddate = createddate; 
  this.salary = salary; 
 } 
 public integer getid() { 
  return id; 
 } 
 public void setid(integer id) { 
  this.id = id; 
 } 
 public string getaccount() { 
  return account; 
 } 
 public void setaccount(string account) { 
  this.account = account; 
 } 
 public string getemail() { 
  return email; 
 } 
 public void setemail(string email) { 
  this.email = email; 
 } 
 public integer getsex() { 
  return sex; 
 } 
 public void setsex(integer sex) { 
  this.sex = sex; 
 } 
 public position getposition() { 
  return position; 
 } 
 public void setposition(position position) { 
  this.position = position; 
 } 
 public date getcreateddate() { 
  return createddate; 
 } 
 public void setcreateddate(date createddate) { 
  this.createddate = createddate; 
 } 
 public double getsalary() { 
  return salary; 
 } 
 public void setsalary(double salary) { 
  this.salary = salary; 
 } 
 @override 
 public string tostring() { 
  return "user [id=" + id + ", account=" + account + ", email=" + email 
    + ", sex=" + sex + ", position=" + position + ", createddate=" 
    + createddate + ", salary=" + salary + "]"; 
 } 
 
} 

<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageencoding="utf-8"%> 
<%@page import="java.util.hashmap"%> 
<%@page import="java.util.map"%> 
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %> 
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> 
 
<!doctype html"> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 
<title>springmvc 表单操作</title> 
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet"> 
</head> 
<body> 
 
 <!-- 
 1. 使用 form 标签可以更快速的开发出表单页面, 而且可以更方便的进行表单值的回显。 
 step1 导入标签 taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" 
 step2 和普通的form用法差不多。path 相当于 普通的form的name，form:hidden 隐藏域，form:errors 提示错误信息。 
 2. 使用form 标签需要注意: 
 通过 modelattribute 属性指定绑定的模型属性, 该数据模型必须是实例化过的。 
 若没有 modelattribute 指定该属性，则默认从 request 域对象中读取 command 的表单 bean (如果该属性值也不存在，则会发生错误)。 
 java.lang.illegalstateexception: neither bindingresult nor plain target object for bean name 'command' available as request attribute 
 --> 
 <div class="container"> 
 <div class="row"> 
  <div class="col-sm-6"> 
  <div class="panel panel-info" style="margin-top:10px;"> 
  <div class="panel-heading"> 
   <h3 class="panel-title">修改或创建用户信息</h3> 
  </div> 
  <div class="panel-body"> 
   <form:form action="${pagecontext.request.contextpath }/user" method="post" 
   modelattribute="user" class="form-horizontal" role="form"> 
   <c:if test="${user.id == null }"> 
    <!-- path 属性对应 html 表单标签的 name 属性值 --> 
    <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">account</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
     <form:input class="form-control" path="account"/> 
     <form:errors style="color:red" path="account"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
    </div> 
   </c:if> 
   <c:if test="${user.id != null }"> 
    <form:hidden path="id"/> 
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"/> 
    <%-- 对于 _method 不能使用 form:hidden 标签, 因为 modelattribute 对应的 bean 中没有 _method 这个属性 --%> 
    <%-- 
    <form:hidden path="_method" value="put"/> 
    --%> 
   </c:if> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">email</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:input class="form-control" path="email"/> 
    <form:errors style="color:red" path="email"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <!-- 这是springmvc 不足之处 --> 
   <% 
    map<string, string> genders = new hashmap(); 
    genders.put("1", "male"); 
    genders.put("0", "female"); 
    request.setattribute("genders", genders); 
   %> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">sex</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:radiobuttons path="sex" items="${genders }" /> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">position</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:select class="form-control" path="position.id" items="${positions}" itemlabel="level" itemvalue="id"> 
    </form:select> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">date</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:input class="form-control" path="createddate"/> 
    <form:errors style="color:red" path="createddate"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <div class="form-group"> 
    <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">salary</label> 
    <div class="col-sm-10"> 
    <form:input class="form-control" path="salary"/> 
    <form:errors style="color:red" path="salary"></form:errors> 
    </div> 
   </div> 
   <input class="btn btn-success" type="submit" value="submit"/> 
   </form:form> 
  </div> 
  </div> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
 </div> 
 
</body> 
</html>

public class position { 
 
 private integer id; 
 private string level; 
 
 public position() { 
 } 
 public position(integer id, string level) { 
 this.id = id; 
 this.level = level; 
 } 
 public integer getid() { 
 return id; 
 } 
 public void setid(integer id) { 
 this.id = id; 
 } 
 public string getlevel() { 
 return level; 
 } 
 public void setlevel(string level) { 
 this.level = level; 
 } 
 @override 
 public string tostring() { 
 return "position [id=" + id + ", level=" + level + "]"; 
 } 
} 

import java.util.collection; 
import java.util.date; 
import java.util.hashmap; 
import java.util.map; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.position; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.user; 
 
@repository 
public class userdao { 
 
 private static map<integer, user> users = null; 
 
 @autowired 
 private positiondao positiondao; 
 
 // 模拟数据库查询数据 
 static{ 
 users = new hashmap<integer, user>(); 
 users.put(1, new user(1, "itdragon", "11@xl.com", 1, new position(1, "架构师"), new date(), 18888.88)); 
 users.put(2, new user(2, "blog", "22@xl.com", 1, new position(2, "高级工程师"), new date(), 15555.55)); 
 users.put(3, new user(3, "welcome", "33@xl.com", 0, new position(3, "中级工程师"), new date(), 8888.88)); 
 users.put(4, new user(4, "to", "44@xl.com", 0, new position(4, "初级工程师"), new date(), 5555.55)); 
 users.put(5, new user(5, "you", "55@xl.com", 1, new position(5, "java实习生"), new date(), 2222.22)); 
 } 
 
 // 下一次存储的下标id 
 private static integer initid = 6; 
 
 public void save(user user){ 
 if(user.getid() == null){ 
  user.setid(initid++); 
 } 
  
 user.setposition(positiondao.getpositionbyid(user.getposition().getid())); 
 users.put(user.getid(), user); 
 } 
 
 public collection<user> queryallusers(){ 
 return users.values(); 
 } 
 
 public user getuserbyid(integer id){ 
 return users.get(id); 
 } 
 
 public void deleteuserbyid(integer id){ 
 users.remove(id); 
 } 
} 

import java.util.collection; 
import java.util.hashmap; 
import java.util.map; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.repository; 
import com.itdragon.springmvc.crud.orm.position; 
 
@repository 
public class positiondao { 
 
 private static map<integer, position> positions = null; 
 
 static{ 
 positions = new hashmap<integer, position>(); 
  
 positions.put(1, new position(1, "架构师")); 
 positions.put(2, new position(2, "高级工程师")); 
 positions.put(3, new position(3, "中级工程师")); 
 positions.put(4, new position(4, "初级工程师")); 
 positions.put(5, new position(5, "java实习生")); 
 } 
 
 // 模拟查询所有数据 
 public collection<position> queryallpositions(){ 
 return positions.values(); 
 } 
 
 // 模拟通过id查询数据 
 public position getpositionbyid(integer id){ 
 return positions.get(id); 
 } 
 
} 

<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageencoding="utf-8"%> 
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> 
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %> 
 
<!doctype html"> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 
<title>springmvc 表单操作</title> 
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet"> 
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery.js"></script> 
<script type="text/javascript"> 
 $(function(){ 
 $(".delete").click(function(){ 
  var msg = confirm("确定要删除这条数据？"); 
  if (true == msg) { 
  $(this).onclick(); 
  } else { 
  return false; 
  } 
 }); 
 }) 
</script> 
</head> 
<body> 
 
 
 <!-- 用于删除的form --> 
 <form action="" method="post" id="deleteform"> 
 <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete"/> 
 </form> 
 
 <div class="container"> 
 <div class="row"> 
  <div class="col-sm-9"> 
  <c:if test="${empty requestscope.users }"> 
  没有任何员工信息. 
  </c:if> 
  <c:if test="${!empty requestscope.users }"> 
  <div class="table-responsive"> 
   <table class="table table-bordered"> 
   <caption>用户信息表 <a href="user" rel="external nofollow" class="btn btn-default" >add account</a></caption> 
   <thead> 
   <tr> 
    <th>用户编码</th> 
    <th>账号名</th> 
    <th>邮箱</th> 
    <th>性别</th> 
    <th>职位</th> 
    <th>薪水</th> 
    <th>时间</th> 
    <th>编辑</th> 
    <th>删除</th> 
   </tr> 
   </thead> 
   <tbody> 
   <c:foreach items="${requestscope.users }" var="user"> 
    <tr> 
    <td>${user.id }</td> 
    <td>${user.account }</td> 
    <td>${user.email }</td> 
    <td>${user.sex == 0 ? 'female' : 'male' }</td> 
    <td>${user.position.level }</td> 
    <td>${user.salary }</td> 
    <td><fmt:formatdate value="${user.createddate }" pattern="yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss"/></td> 
    <td><a href="user/${user.id}" rel="external nofollow" >edit</a></td> 
    <td><a class="delete" href="delete/${user.id}" rel="external nofollow" >delete</a></td> 
    </tr> 
   </c:foreach> 
   </tbody> 
   </table> 
  </div> 
  </c:if> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
 </div> 
 
</body> 
</html>