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servlet实现文件上传、预览、下载、删除功能

2019年07月19日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

servlet实现文件上传,预览,下载和删除,供大家参考,具体内容如下

一、准备工作:

  1.1 文件上传插件:uploadify;

  1.2 文件上传所需jar包:commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar和commons-io-2.2.jar

  1.3 将数据转成json对象需要jar包:commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar、commons-collections-3.2.1.jar、commons-lang-2.6.jar、commons-logging-1.1.3.jar、ezmorph-1.0.6.jar和json-lib-2.4-jdk15.jar

  1.4 开发工具:我用的是eclipse,随意

  1.5 目录结构

需要注意的是:变更uploadify.css文件中的取消文件上传图片的路径

.uploadify-queue-item .cancel a {
  background: url('../images/uploadify-cancel.png') 0 0 no-repeat;
  float: right;
  height:  16px;
  text-indent: -9999px;
  width: 16px;
} 

二、代码展示

2.1 客户端代码设计

jsp部分

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageencoding="utf-8"%>
<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.01 transitional//en">
<html>
  <head> 
    <title>演示-操作文件</title>
    <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<c:url value="/js/jquery-1.11.2.min.js"/>"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<c:url value="/uploadify/js/jquery.uploadify-3.2.1.min.js"/>"></script>
    <link href="<c:url value=" rel="external nofollow" /uploadify/css/uploadify.css"/>" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>
    <script type="text/javascript">var baseurl = '<%=request.getcontextpath()%>';</script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="<c:url value="/index.js"/>"></script>
    <style type="text/css">
      /* 上传、取消上传按钮style start */
      .button {
        width: 80px;
        margin: 3px 1px 0 5px;
        padding: 0 10px;
        background-color: #16a0d3;
        border: none;
        display: inline-block;
        font-family: "microsoft yahei";
        font-size: 14px;
        cursor: pointer;
        height: 30px;
        line-height: 30px;
        color: #fff;
        border-radius: 5px;
        text-decoration:none;
        text-align:center;
      }
      
      .buttonover {
        width: 80px;
        margin: 3px 1px 0 5px;
        padding: 0 10px;
        background-color: #117ea6;
        border: none;
        display: inline-block;
        font-family: "microsoft yahei";
        font-size: 14px;
        cursor: pointer;
        height: 30px;
        line-height: 30px;
        color: #fff;
        border-radius: 5px;
        text-decoration:none;
        text-align:center;
      }  
      /* end 上传、取消上传按钮style */
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- 文件上传 -->
    <div id="file_upload"></div>
    <div id="ctrlupload" style="display:none;">
      <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" onclick="$('#file_upload').uploadify('upload', '*');" class="button" 
        onmouseover="javascript:this.classname='buttonover'" onmouseout="javascript:this.classname='button'">
            上传所有
      </a>  
      <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" onclick="$('#file_upload').uploadify('cancel', '*');$('#ctrlupload').hide();" class="button"
        onmouseover="javascript:this.classname='buttonover'" onmouseout="javascript:this.classname='button'">
            取消上传
      </a>  
    </div>
    <table border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;" id="tablefiles">
      <thead>
        <th>序号</th>
        <th>文件名</th>
        <th>文件预览</th>
        <th>文件下载</th>
        <th>文件删除</th>
      </thead>
      <tbody></tbody>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>

js文件

var operatefile = new operatefile();
window.onload = function() {
  operatefile.init();
  
}

/**
 * 对文件进行操作
 * @returns
 */
function operatefile() {
  var object = this;
  
  /**
   * 初始化操作:
   */
  this.init = function() {
    // 队列中的文件数
    var selectedcount = 0;
    $('#file_upload').uploadify({
      'method' : 'get',// 默认值post,设置成get是为了向后台传递自定义的参数
      'auto' : false,// 设置为true当选择文件后就直接上传了,为false需要点击上传按钮才上传。默认值为true
      'buttontext' : '添加文件',// 按钮文本
      'filetypeexts' : '*.gif; *.jpg; *.png;*.pdf;*.zip;',// 限制上传文件类型,默认值没有限制(*.*)
      'filetypedesc' : '请选择gif jpg png pdf zip类型的文件',// 这个属性值必须设置filetypeexts属性后才有效,用来设置选择文件对话框中的提示文本,默认值:all files
      'swf' : baseurl + '/uploadify/flash/uploadify.swf', // flash文件路径(帮助我们与后端交互数据)
      'uploader' : baseurl + '/uploadfile.do' , // 处理文件上传请求地址 
      'formdata' : {'param1':'测试文件上传'},// 请求参数:上传每个文件的同时提交到服务器的额外数据
      'ondialogclose' : function(queuedata) {
        // 获取该队列中有多少个要上传的文件 
        var queuesize = $('#file_upload-queue').children('div').length;
        if (queuesize > 0) {
          $('#ctrlupload').show();
        }
      },
      'onuploadsuccess' : function(file, data, response) {// 上传成功
        // 将josn字符串转换成json对象
        data = eval('(' + data + ')');
        // 获取页面上文件展示table 有多少行
        var rowslength = $('#tablefiles')[0].rows.length;
        // 设置查看文件所需参数
        var param = "filename=" + data.filename;
        // 查看文件请求地址
        var viewurl = baseurl + '/viewfile.do?' + param;
        // 下载文件请求地址
        var downloadurl = baseurl + '/downloadfile.do?' + param;
        
        // 拼接一行tr
        var trtemplate = '<tr>'
                +  '<td>'
                +    rowslength   
                +  '</td>'
                +  '<td>'
                +    file.name // 仍展示原文件名
                +  '</td>'
                +  '<td>'
                +    '<a href="' + viewurl + '" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">点击预览</a>'
                +    '<input type="hidden" name="imgaddress" value="' + data.filename + '"/>'
                +  '</td>'
                +  '<td>'
                +    '<a href="' + downloadurl + '" rel="external nofollow" >点击下载</a>'
                +  '</td>'
                +  '<td>'
                +    '<a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" onclick="operatefile.deletefile(\'' + data.filename + '\',' + rowslength +');">点击删除</a>'
                +  '</td>'
                +'</tr>';
        $('#tablefiles').append(trtemplate);
      },
      'onuploaderror' : function(file, errorcode, errormsg, errorstring) {// 上传失败
        
      }
    });
    
  }
  
  /**
   * 删除文件
   * @param 文件名
   */
  this.deletefile = function(filename,rowindex) {
    // 设置删除文件所需参数
    var param = "filename=" + filename;
    // 删除文件请求地址
    var deleteurl = baseurl + '/deletefile.do?' + param;
    $.get(
      deleteurl, 
      function(msg) {
        alert(msg);
        if ("删除失败!" != msg) {
          // 删除该行记录
          $('#tablefiles')[0].deleterow(rowindex);
        }
      }
    );
    
  }
  
} 

2.2 服务器端代码设计

文件上传代码(fileupload.javae文件)

package controller.filehandler;

import java.io.file;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.printwriter;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.iterator;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
import javax.servlet.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservlet;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.fileitem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.fileuploadexception;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.diskfileitemfactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.servletfileupload;
import net.sf.json.jsonobject;

public class fileupload extends httpservlet {
  private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;

  protected void doget(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    this.dopost(request, response);
  }

  /**
   * 处理文件上传的post
   * @precaution 下方的类名出自包import org.apache.commons.fileupload.*
   */
  protected void dopost(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    // 1.设置参数编码
    request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 设置响应数据字符集
    response.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 设置响应数据格式
    // response.setcontenttype("application/json; charset=utf-8");
    printwriter out = response.getwriter();
    // 2.创建文件上传处理工厂
    diskfileitemfactory factory = new diskfileitemfactory();
    // 3.设置临时文件存放地点
    // 3.1获取当前web应用程序对象(web容器在启动时,它会为每个web应用程序都创建一个对应的servletcontext对象,它代表当前web应用)
    servletcontext servletcontext = this.getservletconfig().getservletcontext();
    // 3.2获取服务器的临时目录(tomcat、weblogic)
    // d:\programfiles(x86)\apache\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.40-x86\work\catalina\localhost\demo
    file repository = (file) servletcontext.getattribute("javax.servlet.context.tempdir");
    // 3.3临时文件将会存储在该目录下
    factory.setrepository(repository);
    // 4.创建文件上传处理器
    servletfileupload upload = new servletfileupload(factory);
    // 5.判断请求类型是否为文件上传类型
    boolean multipartcontent = upload.ismultipartcontent(request);

    map<string, string> mapdata = new hashmap<string, string>();
    // 返回信息
    string msg = "";
    // 错误信息
    string errormsg = "";
    // 文件名
    string filename = "";
    if (multipartcontent) {
      try {
        // 获取请求参数
        string param = request.getparameter("param1");
        system.out.println(param);
        // 6.解析请求信息
        list<fileitem> items = upload.parserequest(request);

        // 7.对所有请求信息进行判断
        iterator<fileitem> iter = items.iterator();
        while (iter.hasnext()) {
          fileitem item = iter.next();
          // 信息为文件格式
          if (!item.isformfield()) {
            filename = processuploadedfile(param, item);
            msg = "上传成功!";
          }
        }
      } catch (fileuploadexception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
        msg = "上传失败!";
        errormsg = e.getmessage();
      }

    } else {
      msg = "form表单类型不是multipart/form-data,无法上传!";
    }

    mapdata.put("msg", msg);
    mapdata.put("errormsg", errormsg);
    mapdata.put("filename", filename);
    // 将map转成json
    jsonobject jsondata = jsonobject.fromobject(mapdata);
    // 返回客户端信息
    out.print(jsondata.tostring());
  }

  /**
   * 处理上传的文件
   * @param org_id
   * @param order
   * @param item
   */
  @suppresswarnings("unused")
  private string processuploadedfile(string param, fileitem item) {
    // process a file upload
    string fieldname = item.getfieldname();// 默认值为filedata
    // 获取文件名
    string filename = item.getname();
    // 内容类型:application/octet-stream
    string contenttype = item.getcontenttype();
    boolean isinmemory = item.isinmemory();
    // 获取文件大小
    long sizeinbytes = item.getsize();
    // 1.指定文件上传的根路径
    string path = this.getservletcontext().getrealpath("/web-inf/uploadfiles");
    // 2.路径构成:/uploadfile/filename
    // todo 可以自定义文件存放路径
    // 3.根据路径批量创建文件夹
    file filedirectories = new file(path);
    // 目录不存在时,再创建
    if (!filedirectories.exists()) {
      filedirectories.mkdirs();// 所有的文件夹都创建成功才返回true
    }
    // 4.文件名格式校验(文件名中不能包含#号)
    int index = filename.indexof("#");
    if (index > -1) {
      filename = filename.replace('#', '_');
    }
    // todo 可以对文件名进行重命名
    // 5.在指定路径下创建指定名称的文件
    file uploadedfile = new file(path + "/" + filename);
    // 6.判断该文件是否已存在
    if (!uploadedfile.exists()) {
      try {
        // 使用了这个方法写入文件,临时文件会被系统自动删除
        item.write(uploadedfile);
      } catch (exception e) {
        e.printstacktrace();
      }
    }
    // 返回重名后的文件名
    return filename;
  }

  /**
   * 处理信息为普通的格式
   * @param item
   */
  private void processformfield(fileitem item) {
    // process a regular form field
    if (item.isformfield()) {
      string name = item.getfieldname();
      string value = item.getstring();
    }
  }
}

文件查看代码(fileview.java文件)

package controller.filehandler;

import java.io.bufferedinputstream;
import java.io.bufferedoutputstream;
import java.io.fileinputstream;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.inputstream;
import java.io.outputstream;
import javax.servlet.servletcontext;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservlet;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;

public class fileview extends httpservlet {
  private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;

  // 设定输出的类型
  private static final string gif = "image/gif;charset=utf-8";
  private static final string jpg = "image/jpeg;charset=utf-8";
  private static final string png = "image/png;charset=utf-8";
  private static final string pdf = "application/pdf;charset=utf-8";
  private static final string zip = "application/zip;charset=utf-8";

  protected void doget(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    this.dopost(request, response);
  }

  /**
   * 处理文件查看的post
   * @throws ioexception
   * @precaution 下方的类名出自包import org.apache.commons.fileupload.*
   */
  protected void dopost(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    // 文件流
    inputstream is = null;
    // 输入缓冲流
    bufferedinputstream bis = null;
    // 得到输出流
    outputstream output = null;
    // 输出缓冲流
    bufferedoutputstream bos = null;
    // 1.设置参数编码
    request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 2.设置响应数据字符集
    response.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 3.获取客户端请求参数:文件名
    string filename = request.getparameter("filename");
    // 4.重置response
    response.reset();
    // 5.设置响应数据格式
    if (filename.endswith(".gif")) {
      response.setcontenttype(gif);
    } else if (filename.endswith(".jpg")) {
      response.setcontenttype(jpg);
    } else if (filename.endswith(".png")) {
      response.setcontenttype(png);
    } else if (filename.endswith(".pdf")) {
      response.setcontenttype(pdf);
    } else if (filename.endswith(".gif")) {
      response.setcontenttype(gif);
    } else if (filename.endswith(".zip")) {
      response.setcontenttype(zip);
    }

    string filepath = "web-inf/uploadfiles/" + filename;
    // 获取当前web应用程序
    servletcontext webapp = this.getservletcontext();
    // 6.获取指定文件上传的真实路径
    filepath = webapp.getrealpath(filepath);
    // 7.读取目标文件,通过response将目标文件写到客户端
    is = new fileinputstream(filepath);
    bis = new bufferedinputstream(is);
    output = response.getoutputstream();
    bos = new bufferedoutputstream(output);
    byte data[] = new byte[1024];// 缓冲字节数
    int size = bis.read(data);
    while (size != -1) {
      bos.write(data, 0, size);
      size = bis.read(data);
    }

    // 关闭流
    bis.close();
    bos.flush();// 清空输出缓冲流
    bos.close();
    output.close();
  }

}

文件下载代码(filedownload.java文件)

package controller.filehandler;

import java.io.fileinputstream;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.inputstream;
import java.io.outputstream;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservlet;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;

public class filedownload extends httpservlet {
  private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;

  protected void doget(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    this.dopost(request, response);
  }

  /**
   * 处理文件下载的post
   * @throws ioexception
   */
  protected void dopost(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    // 1.设置参数编码
    request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 设置响应数据字符集
    response.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 1.获得请求文件名
    string filename = request.getparameter("filename");
    // 2.设置文件mime类型(指定要返回内容的类型)
    response.setcontenttype(getservletcontext().getmimetype(filename));
    // 3.设置content-disposition(指定下载该文件时的文件名)
    response.setheader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
    // 4.读取目标文件,通过response将目标文件写到客户端
    // 4.1 获取目标文件的绝对路径
    string filepath = "web-inf/uploadfiles/" + filename;
    filepath = this.getservletcontext().getrealpath(filepath);
    // 4.2 读取文件
    inputstream in = new fileinputstream(filepath);
    // 4.3 输出文件
    outputstream out = response.getoutputstream();
    // 写文件
    int n;
    while ((n = in.read()) != -1) {
      out.write(n);
    }

    in.close();
    out.close();
  }

}

文件删除代码(filedelete.java文件)

package controller.filehandler;

import java.io.file;
import java.io.fileinputstream;
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.io.inputstream;
import java.io.outputstream;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservlet;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;

public class filedelete extends httpservlet {
  private static final long serialversionuid = 1l;

  protected void doget(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    this.dopost(request, response);
  }

  /**
   * 处理文件下载的post
   * @throws ioexception
   */
  protected void dopost(httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)
      throws servletexception, ioexception {
    // 1.设置参数编码
    request.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 设置响应数据字符集
    response.setcharacterencoding("utf-8");
    // 2.获得请求文件名
    string filename = request.getparameter("filename");
    // 3.获取该文件所在路径
    string filepath = "web-inf/uploadfiles/" + filename;
    filepath = this.getservletcontext().getrealpath(filepath);
    // 4.在指定路径下创建指定名称的文件
    file deletefile = new file(filepath);
    boolean flag = false;
    string msg = "";
    // 5.判断该文件是否已存在
    if (deletefile.exists()) {
      flag = deletefile.delete();
      if (flag) {
        msg = "删除成功!";
      } else {
        msg = "删除失败!";
      }
    } else {
      msg = "该文件不存在!";
    }

    // 6.返回客户端操作信息
    response.getwriter().print(msg);
  }

}

web.xml代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemalocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="webapp_id" version="2.5">
 <display-name>demo_uploadanddownload</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>webapprootkey</param-name>
    <param-value>uploadanddownload</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- 处理文件的servlet -->
  <!-- 文件上传 start -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>upload</servlet-name>
    <!-- 配置处理文件上传的java类 -->
    <servlet-class>controller.filehandler.fileupload</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>upload</servlet-name>
    <!-- 设置文件上传请求路径 -->
    <url-pattern>/uploadfile.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!-- end 文件上传 -->
  <!-- 文件预览 start -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>view</servlet-name>
    <!-- 配置处理文件预览的java类 -->
    <servlet-class>controller.filehandler.fileview</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>view</servlet-name>
    <!-- 设置文件预览请求路径 -->
    <url-pattern>/viewfile.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!-- end 文件预览 -->
  <!-- 文件下载 start -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>download</servlet-name>
    <!-- 配置处理文件下载的java类 -->
    <servlet-class>controller.filehandler.filedownload</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>download</servlet-name>
    <!-- 设置文件下载请求路径 -->
    <url-pattern>/downloadfile.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!-- end 文件下载 -->
  <!-- 文件删除 start -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>delete</servlet-name>
    <!-- 配置处理文件删除的java类 -->
    <servlet-class>controller.filehandler.filedelete</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>delete</servlet-name>
    <!-- 设置文件删除请求路径 -->
    <url-pattern>/deletefile</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!-- end 文件删除 -->
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file></welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

2.3 代码优化

处理文件查看(fileview.java) ,设置响应文件类型,可以用下面这句话替换

response.setcontenttype(getservletcontext().getmimetype(filename) + ";charset=utf-8");

三、效果展示

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