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Spring事务Transaction配置的五种注入方式详解

2019年07月22日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

前段时间对spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究,在此之间对spring的事务配置虽说也配置过,但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉spring的事务配置只要把思路理清,还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下:

spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是datasource、transactionmanager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

datasource、transactionmanager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用hibernate进行数据访问时,datasource实际为sessionfactory,transactionmanager的实现为hibernatetransactionmanager。

具体如下图:

根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:

第一种方式:每个bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <bean id="sessionfactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
 <property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 
 <bean id="transactionmanager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 配置dao --> 
 <bean id="userdaotarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.userdaoimpl"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="userdao" 
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionproxyfactorybean"> 
 <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
 <property name="transactionmanager" ref="transactionmanager" /> 
 <property name="target" ref="userdaotarget" /> 
 <property name="proxyinterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.generatordao" /> 
 <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
 <property name="transactionattributes"> 
 <props> 
 <prop key="*"> propagation_required </prop> 
 </props> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 </beans> 

第二种方式:所有bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <bean id="sessionfactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
 <property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 
 <bean id="transactionmanager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="transactionbase" 
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionproxyfactorybean" 
 lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
 <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
 <property name="transactionmanager" ref="transactionmanager" /> 
 <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
 <property name="transactionattributes"> 
 <props> 
 <prop key="*">propagation_required </prop> 
 </props> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 配置dao --> 
 <bean id="userdaotarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.userdaoimpl"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="userdao" parent="transactionbase"> 
 <property name="target" ref="userdaotarget" /> 
 </bean> 
 </beans> 

第三种方式:使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <bean id="sessionfactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
 <property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 
 <bean id="transactionmanager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="transactioninterceptor" 
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor"> 
 <property name="transactionmanager" ref="transactionmanager" /> 
 <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
 <property name="transactionattributes"> 
 <props> 
 <prop key="*">propagation_required </prop> 
 </props> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.beannameautoproxycreator"> 
 <property name="beannames"> 
 <list> 
 <value> *dao </value> 
 </list> 
 </property> 
 <property name="interceptornames"> 
 <list> 
 <value> transactioninterceptor </value> 
 </list> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 配置dao --> 
 <bean id="userdao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.userdaoimpl"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 </beans> 

第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <context:annotation-config /> 
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
 
 <bean id="sessionfactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
 <property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 
 <bean id="transactionmanager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
 <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionmanager"> 
 <tx:attributes> 
 <tx:method name="*" propagation="required" /> 
 </tx:attributes> 
 </tx:advice> 
 
 <aop:config> 
 <aop:pointcut id="interceptorpointcuts" 
 expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
 <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" 
 pointcut-ref="interceptorpointcuts" /> 
 </aop:config> 
 </beans> 

第五种方式:全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

 <context:annotation-config />
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionmanager"/>

 <bean id="sessionfactory" 
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
  <property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
  <property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) --> 
 <bean id="transactionmanager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager">
  <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" />
 </bean>
 
</beans>

此时在dao上需加上@transactional注解,如下:

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.list;

import org.hibernate.sessionfactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.hibernatedaosupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.user;

@transactional
@component("userdao")
public class userdaoimpl extends hibernatedaosupport implements userdao {

 public list<user> listusers() {
  return this.getsession().createquery("from user").list();
 }  
}

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