我要评论安全问题已经成为一个越来越重要的问题，在java中如何对重要数据进行加密解密是本文的主要内容。
一、常用的加密/解密算法
1.base64
严格来说base64并不是一种加密/解密算法，而是一种编码方式。base64不生成密钥，通过base64编码后的密文就可以直接“翻译”为明文，但是可以通过向明文中添加混淆字符来达到加密的效果。
2.des
des是一种基于56位密钥的对称算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（fips），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。现在des已经不是一种安全的加密算法，已被公开破解，现在des已经被高级加密标准（aes）所代替。
3.3des
3des是des的一种派生算法，主要提升了des的一些实用所需的安全性。
4.aes
aes是现在对称加密算法中最流行的算法之一。
二、实现所需的一些库
为了实现上述的算法，我们可以实用jdk自带的实现，也可以使用一些开源的第三方库，例如bouncy castle（）和comnons codec（）。
三、具体实现
1.base64
package com.tancky.security;
import java.io.ioexception;
import sun.misc.base64decoder;
import sun.misc.base64encoder;
public class base64demo {
private static string src = "testbase64";
public static void main(string[] args) {
base64demo.jdkbase64();
base64demo.commonscodecbase64 ();
base64demo.bouncycastlebase64 ();
}
//使用jdk的base64实现，
public static void jdkbase64 (){
base64encoder encoder = new base64encoder();
string encode = encoder.encode(base64demo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("encode: " + encode);
base64decoder decoder = new base64decoder();
try {
string decode = new string ( decoder.decodebuffer(encode));
system.out.println("decode: " + decode);
} catch (ioexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
//使用apache的commonscodec实现
public static void commonscodecbase64 (){
byte[] encodebytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.base64.encodebase64(base64demo.src.getbytes());
string encode = new string (encodebytes);
system.out.println("encode: " + encode);
byte[] decodebytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.base64.decodebase64(encode);
string decode = new string(decodebytes);
system.out.println("decode: " + decode);
}
//使用bouncycastlede实现
public static void bouncycastlebase64 () {
byte[] encodebytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.base64.encode(base64demo.src.getbytes()) ;
string encode = new string (encodebytes);
system.out.println("encode: " + encode);
byte[] decodebytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.base64.decode(encode);
string decode = new string(decodebytes);
system.out.println("decode: " + decode);
}
}
2.des
package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.invalidkeyexception;
import java.security.key;
import java.security.nosuchalgorithmexception;
import java.security.nosuchproviderexception;
import java.security.security;
import java.security.spec.invalidkeyspecexception;
import javax.crypto.badpaddingexception;
import javax.crypto.cipher;
import javax.crypto.illegalblocksizeexception;
import javax.crypto.keygenerator;
import javax.crypto.nosuchpaddingexception;
import javax.crypto.secretkey;
import javax.crypto.secretkeyfactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.deskeyspec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.bouncycastleprovider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.hex;
public class desdemo {
private static string src = "testdes";
public static void jdkdes () {
try {
//生成密钥key
keygenerator keygenerator = keygenerator.getinstance("des");
keygenerator.init(56);
secretkey secretkey = keygenerator.generatekey();
byte[] byteskey = secretkey.getencoded();
//key转换
deskeyspec desedekeyspec = new deskeyspec(byteskey);
secretkeyfactory factory = secretkeyfactory.getinstance("des");
key convertsecretkey = factory.generatesecret(desedekeyspec);
//加密
cipher cipher = cipher.getinstance("des/ecb/pkcs5padding");
cipher.init(cipher.encrypt_mode, convertsecretkey);
byte[] encoderesult = cipher.dofinal(desdemo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("desencode :" + hex.tohexstring(encoderesult));
//解密
cipher.init(cipher.decrypt_mode,convertsecretkey);
byte[] decoderesult = cipher.dofinal(encoderesult);
system.out.println("desdncode :" + new string (decoderesult));
} catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyspecexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (illegalblocksizeexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (badpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
public static void bcdes (){
try {
//使用bouncycastle 的des加密
security.addprovider(new bouncycastleprovider());
//生成密钥key
keygenerator keygenerator = keygenerator.getinstance("des","bc");
keygenerator.init(56);
secretkey secretkey = keygenerator.generatekey();
byte[] byteskey = secretkey.getencoded();
//key转换
deskeyspec desedekeyspec = new deskeyspec(byteskey);
secretkeyfactory factory = secretkeyfactory.getinstance("des");
key convertsecretkey = factory.generatesecret(desedekeyspec);
//加密
cipher cipher = cipher.getinstance("des/ecb/pkcs5padding");
cipher.init(cipher.encrypt_mode, convertsecretkey);
byte[] encoderesult = cipher.dofinal(desdemo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("desencode :" + hex.tohexstring(encoderesult));
//解密
cipher.init(cipher.decrypt_mode,convertsecretkey);
byte[] decoderesult = cipher.dofinal(encoderesult);
system.out.println("desdncode :" + new string (decoderesult));
} catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyspecexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (illegalblocksizeexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (badpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchproviderexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
public static void main(string[] args) {
desdemo.jdkdes ();
desdemo.bcdes();
}
}
3.3des
package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.invalidkeyexception;
import java.security.key;
import java.security.nosuchalgorithmexception;
import java.security.nosuchproviderexception;
import java.security.security;
import java.security.spec.invalidkeyspecexception;
import javax.crypto.badpaddingexception;
import javax.crypto.cipher;
import javax.crypto.illegalblocksizeexception;
import javax.crypto.keygenerator;
import javax.crypto.nosuchpaddingexception;
import javax.crypto.secretkey;
import javax.crypto.secretkeyfactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.desedekeyspec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.bouncycastleprovider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.hex;
public class tripledesdemo {
private static string src = "testtripledes";
public static void jdktripledes () {
try {
//生成密钥key
keygenerator keygenerator = keygenerator.getinstance("desede");
keygenerator.init(168);
secretkey secretkey = keygenerator.generatekey();
byte[] byteskey = secretkey.getencoded();
//key转换
desedekeyspec desedekeyspec = new desedekeyspec(byteskey);
secretkeyfactory factory = secretkeyfactory.getinstance("desede");
key convertsecretkey = factory.generatesecret(desedekeyspec);
//加密
cipher cipher = cipher.getinstance("desede/ecb/pkcs5padding");
cipher.init(cipher.encrypt_mode, convertsecretkey);
byte[] encoderesult = cipher.dofinal(tripledesdemo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("tripledesencode :" + hex.tohexstring(encoderesult));
//解密
cipher.init(cipher.decrypt_mode,convertsecretkey);
byte[] decoderesult = cipher.dofinal(encoderesult);
system.out.println("tripledesdncode :" + new string (decoderesult));
} catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyspecexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (illegalblocksizeexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (badpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
public static void bctripledes () {
try {
security.addprovider(new bouncycastleprovider());
//生成密钥key
keygenerator keygenerator = keygenerator.getinstance("desede","bc");
keygenerator.getprovider();
keygenerator.init(168);
secretkey secretkey = keygenerator.generatekey();
byte[] byteskey = secretkey.getencoded();
//key转换
desedekeyspec desedekeyspec = new desedekeyspec(byteskey);
secretkeyfactory factory = secretkeyfactory.getinstance("desede");
key convertsecretkey = factory.generatesecret(desedekeyspec);
//加密
cipher cipher = cipher.getinstance("desede/ecb/pkcs5padding");
cipher.init(cipher.encrypt_mode, convertsecretkey);
byte[] encoderesult = cipher.dofinal(tripledesdemo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("tripledesencode :" + hex.tohexstring(encoderesult));
//解密
cipher.init(cipher.decrypt_mode,convertsecretkey);
byte[] decoderesult = cipher.dofinal(encoderesult);
system.out.println("tripledesdncode :" + new string (decoderesult));
} catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyspecexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (illegalblocksizeexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (badpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchproviderexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
public static void main(string[] args) {
jdktripledes ();
bctripledes ();
}
}
4.aes
package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.invalidkeyexception;
import java.security.key;
import java.security.nosuchalgorithmexception;
import java.security.nosuchproviderexception;
import java.security.securerandom;
import java.security.security;
import javax.crypto.badpaddingexception;
import javax.crypto.cipher;
import javax.crypto.illegalblocksizeexception;
import javax.crypto.keygenerator;
import javax.crypto.nosuchpaddingexception;
import javax.crypto.secretkey;
import javax.crypto.spec.secretkeyspec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.bouncycastleprovider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.hex;
public class aesdemo {
private static string src = "testaes";
public static void jdkaes (){
try {
//生成key
keygenerator keygenerator = keygenerator.getinstance("aes");
keygenerator.init(128);
//keygenerator.init(128, new securerandom("seedseedseed".getbytes()));
//使用上面这种初始化方法可以特定种子来生成密钥，这样加密后的密文是唯一固定的。
secretkey secretkey = keygenerator.generatekey();
byte[] keybytes = secretkey.getencoded();
//key转换
key key = new secretkeyspec(keybytes, "aes");
//加密
cipher cipher = cipher.getinstance("aes/ecb/pkcs5padding");
cipher.init(cipher.encrypt_mode, key);
byte[] encoderesult = cipher.dofinal(aesdemo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("aesencode : " + hex.tohexstring(encoderesult) );
//解密
cipher.init(cipher.decrypt_mode, key);
byte[] decoderesult = cipher.dofinal(encoderesult);
system.out.println("aesdecode : " + new string (decoderesult));
} catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (illegalblocksizeexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (badpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
public static void bcaes (){
try {
//使用bouncycastle 的des加密
security.addprovider(new bouncycastleprovider());
//生成key
keygenerator keygenerator = keygenerator.getinstance("aes","bc");
keygenerator.getprovider();
keygenerator.init(128);
secretkey secretkey = keygenerator.generatekey();
byte[] keybytes = secretkey.getencoded();
//key转换
key key = new secretkeyspec(keybytes, "aes");
//加密
cipher cipher = cipher.getinstance("aes/ecb/pkcs5padding");
cipher.init(cipher.encrypt_mode, key);
byte[] encoderesult = cipher.dofinal(aesdemo.src.getbytes());
system.out.println("aesencode : " + hex.tohexstring(encoderesult) );
//解密
cipher.init(cipher.decrypt_mode, key);
byte[] decoderesult = cipher.dofinal(encoderesult);
system.out.println("aesdecode : " + new string (decoderesult));
} catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (invalidkeyexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (illegalblocksizeexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (badpaddingexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
} catch (nosuchproviderexception e) {
// todo 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
public static void main(string[] args) {
jdkaes();
bcaes();
}
}
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