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史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)

2019年07月22日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

一、springmvc基础入门,创建一个helloworld程序

  1.首先,导入springmvc需要的jar包。

  2.添加web.xml配置文件中关于springmvc的配置

 <!--configure the setting of springmvcdispatcherservlet and configure the mapping-->
 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
      <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

  3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">          

  <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc"/>

  <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

  <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
  <mvc:annotation-driven />
  
  <!-- configure the internalresourceviewresolver -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.internalresourceviewresolver" 
      id="internalresourceviewresolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/web-inf/jsp/" />
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
  </bean>
</beans>

  4.在web-inf文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“hello world”。

  5.建立包及controller,如下所示

  6.编写controller代码

@controller
@requestmapping("/mvc")
public class mvccontroller {

  @requestmapping("/hello")
  public string hello(){    
    return "hello";
  }
}

  7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

 二、配置解析

  1.dispatcherservlet

  dispatcherservlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标controller来处理,是配置spring mvc的第一步。

  2.internalresourceviewresolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @requestmapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 url 请求

 三、springmvc常用注解

  @controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @requestmapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 url 请求

  @requestbody

  该注解用于读取request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的httpmessageconverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把httpmessageconverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @responsebody

  该注解用于将controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的httpmessageconverter转换为指定格式后,写入到response对象的body数据区

  @modelattribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @modelattribute 注解:spring mvc 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@modelattribute 的方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @modelattribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

  @requestparam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @requestparam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @pathvariable

  绑定 url 占位符到入参

  @exceptionhandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @controlleradvice

  使一个contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@exceptionhandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

 //match automatically
 @requestmapping("/person")
 public string toperson(string name,double age){
   system.out.println(name+" "+age);
   return "hello";
 }

 五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个person实体类

package test.springmvc.model;

public class person {
  public string getname() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public int getage() {
    return age;
  }
  public void setage(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  private string name;
  private int age;
  
}

  2.在controller里编写方法

 //boxing automatically
 @requestmapping("/person1")
 public string toperson(person p){
   system.out.println(p.getname()+" "+p.getage());
   return "hello";
 }

 六、使用initbinder来处理date类型的参数

 //the parameter was converted in initbinder
 @requestmapping("/date")
 public string date(date date){
   system.out.println(date);
   return "hello";
 }
  
 //at the time of initialization,convert the type "string" to type "date"
 @initbinder
 public void initbinder(servletrequestdatabinder binder){
   binder.registercustomeditor(date.class, new customdateeditor(new simpledateformat("yyyy-mm-dd"),
       true));
 }

 七、向前台传递参数

 //pass the parameters to front-end
 @requestmapping("/show")
 public string showperson(map<string,object> map){
   person p =new person();
   map.put("p", p);
   p.setage(20);
   p.setname("jayjay");
   return "show";
 }

  前台可在request域中取到"p"

 八、使用ajax调用

 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
 @requestmapping("/getperson")
 public void getperson(string name,printwriter pw){
   pw.write("hello,"+name);    
 }
 @requestmapping("/name")
 public string sayhello(){
   return "name";
 }

  前台用下面的jquery代码调用

 $(function(){
   $("#btn").click(function(){
    $.post("mvc/getperson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
       alert(data);
     });
   });
 });

 九、在controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

 //redirect 
 @requestmapping("/redirect")
 public string redirect(){
   return "redirect:hello";
 }

 十、文件上传

  1.需要导入两个jar包

  2.在springmvc配置文件中加入

 <!-- upload settings -->
 <bean id="multipartresolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.commonsmultipartresolver">
   <property name="maxuploadsize" value="102400000"></property>
 </bean>

  3.方法代码

  @requestmapping(value="/upload",method=requestmethod.post)
  public string upload(httpservletrequest req) throws exception{
    multiparthttpservletrequest mreq = (multiparthttpservletrequest)req;
    multipartfile file = mreq.getfile("file");
    string filename = file.getoriginalfilename();
    simpledateformat sdf = new simpledateformat("yyyymmddhhmmss");    
    fileoutputstream fos = new fileoutputstream(req.getsession().getservletcontext().getrealpath("/")+
        "upload/"+sdf.format(new date())+filename.substring(filename.lastindexof('.')));
    fos.write(file.getbytes());
    fos.flush();
    fos.close();
    
    return "hello";
  }

  4.前台form表单

  <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="file"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form>

 十一、使用@requestparam注解指定参数的name

@controller
@requestmapping("/test")
public class mvccontroller1 {
  @requestmapping(value="/param")
  public string testrequestparam(@requestparam(value="id") integer id,
      @requestparam(value="name")string name){
    system.out.println(id+" "+name);
    return "/hello";
  }  
}

 十二、restful风格的sringmvc

  1.restcontroller

@controller
@requestmapping("/rest")
public class restcontroller {
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.get)
  public string get(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("get"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.post)
  public string post(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("post"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.put)
  public string put(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("put"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.delete)
  public string delete(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
    system.out.println("delete"+id);
    return "/hello";
  }
  
}

  2.form表单发送put和delete请求

  在web.xml中配置

 <!-- configure the hiddenhttpmethodfilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
 <filter>
   <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

  在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
    <input type="submit" value="put">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="post">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
    <input type="submit" value="get">
  </form>
  
  <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
    <input type="submit" value="delete">
  </form>

 十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

  2.方法代码

@controller
@requestmapping("/json")
public class jsoncontroller {
  
  @responsebody
  @requestmapping("/user")
  public user get(){
    user u = new user();
    u.setid(1);
    u.setname("jayjay");
    u.setbirth(new date());
    return u;
  }
}

 十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(controller内)

 @exceptionhandler
 public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){
   modelandview mv = new modelandview("error");
   mv.addobject("exception", ex);
   system.out.println("in testexceptionhandler");
   return mv;
 }
  
 @requestmapping("/error")
 public string error(){
   int i = 5/0;
   return "hello";
 }

  2.处理全局异常(所有controller)

@controlleradvice
public class testcontrolleradvice {
  @exceptionhandler
  public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){
    modelandview mv = new modelandview("error");
    mv.addobject("exception", ex);
    system.out.println("in testcontrolleradvice");
    return mv;
  }
}

  3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在springmvc配置文件中配置

 <!-- configure simplemappingexceptionresolver -->
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.simplemappingexceptionresolver">
   <property name="exceptionmappings">
     <props>
       <prop key="java.lang.arithmeticexception">error</prop>
     </props>
   </property>
 </bean>

  error是出错页面

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

  1.创建一个myinterceptor类,并实现handlerinterceptor接口

public class myinterceptor implements handlerinterceptor {

  @override
  public void aftercompletion(httpservletrequest arg0,
      httpservletresponse arg1, object arg2, exception arg3)
      throws exception {
    system.out.println("aftercompletion");
  }

  @override
  public void posthandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1,
      object arg2, modelandview arg3) throws exception {
    system.out.println("posthandle");
  }

  @override
  public boolean prehandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1,
      object arg2) throws exception {
    system.out.println("prehandle");
    return true;
  }

}

  2.在springmvc的配置文件中配置

  <!-- interceptor setting -->
  <mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
      <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
      <bean class="test.springmvc.interceptor.myinterceptor"></bean>gt;
    </mvc:interceptor>    
  </mvc:interceptors>

  3.拦截器执行顺序

 十六、表单的验证(使用hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

  2.编写实体类user并加上验证注解

public class user {
  public int getid() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setid(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public string getname() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public date getbirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setbirth(date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @override
  public string tostring() {
    return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  }  
  private int id;
  @notempty
  private string name;

  @past
  @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd")
  private date birth;
}

  ps:@past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用springmvc的form表单

  <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelattribute="user">
    id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
    name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
    birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
    <input type="submit" value="submit">
  </form:form> 

  ps:path对应name

  4.controller中代码

@controller
@requestmapping("/form")
public class formcontroller {
  @requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.post)  
  public string add(@valid user u,bindingresult br){
    if(br.geterrorcount()>0){      
      return "adduser";
    }
    return "showuser";
  }
  
  @requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.get)
  public string add(map<string,object> map){
    map.put("user",new user());
    return "adduser";
  }
}

  ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelattribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

  2.@valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

notempty.user.name=name can't not be empty
past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
datetimeformat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typemismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typemismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

  在springmvc配置文件中配置

  <!-- configure the locale resource -->
  <bean id="messagesource" class="org.springframework.context.support.resourcebundlemessagesource">
    <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
  </bean>

  6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_cn.properties

username=账号
password=密码

  locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

  创建一个locale.jsp

 <body>
  <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
  <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
 </body>

  在springmvc中配置

  <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
  <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

  让locale.jsp在web-inf下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合springioc和springmvc

  1.创建一个test.springmvc.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

  2.user实体类

public class user {
  public int getid() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setid(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public string getname() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public date getbirth() {
    return birth;
  }
  public void setbirth(date birth) {
    this.birth = birth;
  }
  @override
  public string tostring() {
    return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  }  
  private int id;
  @notempty
  private string name;

  @past
  @datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd")
  private date birth;
}

  3.userservice类

@component
public class userservice {
  public userservice(){
    system.out.println("userservice constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
  }
  
  public void save(){
    system.out.println("save");
  }
}

  4.usercontroller

@controller
@requestmapping("/integrate")
public class usercontroller {
  @autowired
  private userservice userservice;
  
  @requestmapping("/user")
  public string saveuser(@requestbody @modelattribute user u){
    system.out.println(u);
    userservice.save();
    return "hello";
  }
}

  5.spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建springioc的配置文件applicationcontext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
  xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    "
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    >
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate">
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/>
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/>    
  </context:component-scan>
  
</beans>

  在web.xml中添加配置

 <!-- configure the springioc -->
 <listener>
   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.contextloaderlistener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param> 
  <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name> 
  <param-value>classpath:applicationcontext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

  6.在springmvc中进行一些配置,防止springmvc和springioc对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/>
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" 
      expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/>
  </context:component-scan>

 十八、springmvc详细运行流程图

 十九、springmvc与struts2的区别

  1、springmvc基于方法开发的,struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个handler对象,对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束,形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。

  2、springmvc可以进行单例开发,并且建议使用单例开发,struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数,无法使用单例,只能使用多例。

  3、经过实际测试,struts2速度慢,在于使用struts标签,如果使用struts建议使用jstl。

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