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Java的Hibernate框架中复合主键映射的创建和使用教程

2019年07月22日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

复合主键映射需要在映射配置文件中使用<composite-id>标签,该标签是指将一个类指定为相应的复合主键,它的name属性需要指定类文件中定义的属性值,并在该标签中添加<key-property>子标签。
note:想要使用复合映射必须要将复合主键放到一个类中,也就是讲复合主键属性和其它属性分到两个类中,并将复合主键的类实现接口serializable,该接口隶属于java.io。
复合主键的映射关系的主键是由多个列复合而成的,对应到数据表中相当的简单,如下图:

201677100922504.png (572×73)

1、类文件
这里就拿上图的表来作为示例,在表中有两个字段年限和持续时间组合成为表的主键,所以分成的新类分别命名为fiscalyearperiod和fiscalyearperiodpk,其中fiscalyearperiodpk类封装表的主键属性,fiscalyearperiod类封装其它属性以及fiscalyearperiodpk类。
1.1 fiscalyearperiod.java
类中封装有基本的属性,并把fiscalyearperiodpk类作为属性封装到类中,并在配置文件中配置相应的映射,如下代码:

package com.src.hibernate; 
 
import java.sql.date; 
 
public class fiscalyearperiod { 
   
  //时间主键 
  private fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk; 
  public fiscalyearperiodpk getfiscalyearperiodpk() { 
    return fiscalyearperiodpk; 
  } 
  public void setfiscalyearperiodpk(fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk) { 
    this.fiscalyearperiodpk = fiscalyearperiodpk; 
  } 
   
  //开始日期 
  private date begindate; 
  public date getbegindate() { 
    return begindate; 
  } 
  public void setbegindate(date begindate) { 
    this.begindate = begindate; 
  } 
   
  //结束日期 
  private date enddate; 
  public date getenddate() { 
    return enddate; 
  } 
  public void setenddate(date enddate) { 
    this.enddate = enddate; 
  } 
   
  //阶段时间 
  private string periodsts; 
  public string getperiodsts() { 
    return periodsts; 
  } 
  public void setperiodsts(string periodsts) { 
    this.periodsts = periodsts; 
  } 
} 

1.2 fiscalyearperiodpk.java
封装主键属性,该类是从fiscalyearperiod类中分离出来的,包含了基本的主键属性,并且需要实现接口serializable,该类是要映射到配置文件中<composite-id>标签中要指定该类,代码如下:

package com.src.hibernate; 
 
import java.io.serializable; 
 
public class fiscalyearperiodpk implements serializable { 
   
  //年限 
  private int fiscalyear; 
  public int getfiscalyear() { 
    return fiscalyear; 
  } 
  public void setfiscalyear(int fiscalyear) { 
    this.fiscalyear = fiscalyear; 
  } 
 
  //持续时间 
  private int fiscalperiod; 
  public int getfiscalperiod() { 
    return fiscalperiod; 
  } 
 
  public void setfiscalperiod(int fiscalperiod) { 
    this.fiscalperiod = fiscalperiod; 
  } 
   
} 

 

2、配置文件
这里有个疑问两个类都是哪个需要添加映射文件?因为会使用<composite-id>标签,所以只需要为fiscalyearperiod类添加映射即可,在该映射文件中添加对应复合主键标签,并在标签中添加对应的主键属性,如下代码:

<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<!doctype hibernate-mapping public  
  "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en" 
  "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 
<hibernate-mapping> 
  <class name="com.src.hibernate.fiscalyearperiod" table="t_fiscal_year_period_pk"> 
    <composite-id name="fiscalyearperiodpk"> 
      <key-property name="fiscalyear"></key-property> 
      <key-property name="fiscalperiod"></key-property> 
    </composite-id> 
    <property name="begindate" type="date"/> 
    <property name="enddate" type="date"/> 
    <property name="periodsts"/> 
  </class> 
</hibernate-mapping> 

将上面的文件生成对应的数据库表,生成的sql语句如下:

drop table if exists t_fiscal_year_period_pk 
create table t_fiscal_year_period_pk (fiscalyear integer not null, fiscalperiod integer not null, begindate date, enddate date, periodsts varchar(255), primary key (fiscalyear, fiscalperiod)) 

对应的表结构如下图:

201677101003756.png (677×190)

 

3、数据操作
相应的映射文件配置好后,相应的数据操作就变得很简单了,首先从写入数据开始,向数据库中写入数据时会同时把两个类写入到数据库中,所以此时这两个类都必须转化为transient状态,所以在保存时需要首先将fiscalyearperiod对象首先保存到数据库中,然后它会自动关联复合属性,将信息保存到数据库中。
3.1 写入操作
写入的操作方法和以前的写入方法相同,需要定义两个对象,然后保存相应的对象信息到数据库中,代码如下:

public void testsave1(){ 
  //声明会话对象 
  session session=null; 
   
  try{ 
    //获取会话对象 
    session=hibernateutils.getsession(); 
    //开启会话 
    session.begintransaction(); 
    //创建复合对象 
    fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk=new fiscalyearperiodpk(); 
    fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalperiod(2014); 
    fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalyear(2012); 
     
    //创建对象 
    fiscalyearperiod fiscalyearperiod=new fiscalyearperiod(); 
    fiscalyearperiod.setfiscalyearperiodpk(fiscalyearperiodpk); 
     
    session.save(fiscalyearperiod); 
    //提交会话 
    session.gettransaction().commit(); 
  }catch(exception e){ 
    e.printstacktrace(); 
    session.gettransaction().rollback(); 
  }finally{ 
    hibernateutils.closesession(session); 
  } 
} 

执行相应的测试方法,生成的sql语句如下:

hibernate: insert into t_fiscal_year_period_pk (begindate, enddate, periodsts, fiscalyear, fiscalperiod) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?) 
相应的数据库视图:

201677101028658.png (676×95)

3.2 加载操作
相应的加载方法会和以前不同,因为在该表中主键是复合属性,所以需要创建一个类。在加载数据时需要创建主键对象,此时的主键就是一个对象,更需要为对象的属性赋值,这样才能获取对象,代码如下:

public void testload1(){ 
  //声明会话对象 
  session session=null; 
   
  try{ 
    //获取会话对象 
    session=hibernateutils.getsession(); 
    //开启会话 
    session.begintransaction(); 
    //创建复合对象 
    fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk=new fiscalyearperiodpk(); 
    fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalperiod(2014); 
    fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalyear(2012); 
     
    fiscalyearperiod fiscalyearperiod=(fiscalyearperiod)session.load(fiscalyearperiod.class,fiscalyearperiodpk); 
    system.out.println("开始日期: "+fiscalyearperiod.getbegindate());  
    //提交会话 
    session.gettransaction().commit(); 
  }catch(exception e){ 
    e.printstacktrace(); 
    session.gettransaction().rollback(); 
  }finally{ 
    hibernateutils.closesession(session); 
  } 
} 

生成的结果,如下:

hibernate: select fiscalyear0_.fiscalyear as fiscalyear0_0_, fiscalyear0_.fiscalperiod as fiscalpe2_0_0_, fiscalyear0_.begindate as begindate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.enddate as enddate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.periodsts as periodsts0_0_ from t_fiscal_year_period_pk fiscalyear0_ where fiscalyear0_.fiscalyear=? and fiscalyear0_.fiscalperiod=? 
开始日期: 2013-10-12 

 

4、综合示例
一个规模较大公司的部门表(hibernate_dept_compositepk),由所在区域(area),部门名(name),本部门人数(empcount),组建时间(birthday)等字段组成,我们使用所在区域和部门名做联合主键:
4.1 目标类:department.java

public class department { 
 /** 把主键关联属性抽象出来单独写成一个类 */ 
 //private string area; 
 //private string name; 
 /**把主键类对象作为成员变量*/ 
 private departmentpk departmentpk; 
 private int empcount; 
 private date birthday; 

// public string getarea() { 
//  return area; 
// } 
// 
// public void setarea(string area) { 
//  this.area = area; 
// } 
// 
// public string getname() { 
//  return name; 
// } 
// 
// public void setname(string name) { 
//  this.name = name; 
// } 
  
 public int getempcount() { 
  return empcount; 
 } 

 public void setempcount(int empcount) { 
  this.empcount = empcount; 
 } 

 public date getbirthday() { 
  return birthday; 
 } 

 public void setbirthday(date birthday) { 
  this.birthday = birthday; 
 } 

 public departmentpk getdepartmentpk() { 
  return departmentpk; 
 } 

 public void setdepartmentpk(departmentpk departmentpk) { 
  this.departmentpk = departmentpk; 
 } 

}

4.2主键类:departmentpk.java

public class departmentpk implements serializable { 

 private static final long serialversionuid = -288002855915204255l; 
 private string area; 
 private string name; 
 /** 
  * 覆盖hashcode方法(根据area和name判断) 
  */ 
 //@override 
 public int hashcode() { 
  final int prime = 31; 
  int result = 1; 
  result = prime * result + ((area == null) ? 0 : area.hashcode()); 
  result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashcode()); 
  return result; 
 } 
 /** 
  * 覆盖equals(根据area和name判断) 
  */ 
 @override 
 public boolean equals(object obj) { 
  if (this == obj) 
   return true; 
  if (obj == null) 
   return false; 
  if (getclass() != obj.getclass()) 
   return false; 
  final departmentpk other = (departmentpk) obj; 
  if (area == null) { 
   if (other.area != null) 
    return false; 
  } else if (!area.equals(other.area)) 
   return false; 
  if (name == null) { 
   if (other.name != null) 
    return false; 
  } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) 
   return false; 
  return true; 
 } 

 public string getarea() { 
  return area; 
 } 

 public void setarea(string area) { 
  this.area = area; 
 } 

 public string getname() { 
  return name; 
 } 

 public void setname(string name) { 
  this.name = name; 
 } 
}

4.3 映射文件department.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<!doctype hibernate-mapping public  
 "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en" 
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 
<hibernate-mapping> 
 <class name="com.yangfei.hibernate.compositepk.entity.department" table="hibernate_dept_compositepk"> 
  <!-- 联合主键 --> 
  <!-- name指的是主键对象属性 --> 
  <composite-id name="departmentpk"> 
   <!-- 这里是主键关联属性 --> 
   <key-property name="area" /> 
   <key-property name="name" /> 
  </composite-id> 
  <!-- 其它属性 --> 
  <property name="empcount" length="4" /> 
  <property name="birthday" type="date" /> 
 </class> 
</hibernate-mapping>

4.4 hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> 
<!doctype hibernate-configuration public 
          "-//hibernate/hibernate configuration dtd 3.0//en" 
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> 

<!-- generated by myeclipse hibernate tools.                   --> 
<hibernate-configuration> 
    <session-factory> 
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.oracle9dialect</property> 
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl10</property> 
        <property name="connection.username">scott</property> 
        <property name="connection.password">yf123</property> 
        <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.oracledriver</property> 
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> 
      
     <mapping resource="com/yangfei/hibernate/compositepk/entity/department.hbm.xml"/> 
    </session-factory> 
</hibernate-configuration>

4.5测试类:departmenttest.java

public class departmenttest extends testcase { 
 /** 
  * 测试插入数据 
  */ 
 public void save() { 
  session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); 
  transaction t = session.begintransaction(); 
  try { 
   department dept = new department(); 
   /** 生成主键对象 */ 
   departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); 
   deptpk.setarea("北京"); 
   deptpk.setname("研发部"); 
   dept.setdepartmentpk(deptpk); 

   dept.setempcount(100); 
   dept.setbirthday(new date()); 

   session.save(dept); 
   t.commit(); 
  } catch (hibernateexception e) { 
   e.printstacktrace(); 
   t.rollback(); 
  } finally { 
   hibernateutils.closesession(session); 
  } 
 } 
 /** 
  * 测试加载数据 
  */ 
 public void load() { 
  session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); 
  transaction t = session.begintransaction(); 
  try { 
   /** 生成主键对象 */ 
   departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); 
   deptpk.setarea("北京"); 
   deptpk.setname("研发部"); 

   department dept=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk); 
   system.out.println(dept.getdepartmentpk().getarea()+","+dept.getdepartmentpk().getname()+","+dept.getempcount()+","+dept.getbirthday()); 
  } catch (hibernateexception e) { 
   e.printstacktrace(); 
   t.rollback(); 
  } finally { 
   hibernateutils.closesession(session); 
  } 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 测试修改数据 
  */ 
 public void update() { 
  session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); 
  transaction t = session.begintransaction(); 
  try { 
   /** 生成主键对象 */ 
   departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); 
   deptpk.setarea("北京"); 
   deptpk.setname("研发部"); 

   department emp=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk); 
   system.out.println(emp.getdepartmentpk().getarea()+","+emp.getdepartmentpk().getname()+","+emp.getempcount()+","+emp.getbirthday()); 
   emp.setempcount(100); 
   session.saveorupdate(emp); 
    
   /** 生成主键对象 */ 
   departmentpk deptpk2 = new departmentpk(); 
   deptpk2.setarea("北京"); 
   deptpk2.setname("研发部"); 
   department dept=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk2); 
   system.out.println(dept.getdepartmentpk().getarea()+","+dept.getdepartmentpk().getname()+","+dept.getempcount()+","+dept.getbirthday()); 
   t.commit(); 
  } catch (hibernateexception e) { 
   e.printstacktrace(); 
   t.rollback(); 
  } finally { 
   hibernateutils.closesession(session); 
  } 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 测试删除数据 
  */ 
 public void delete() { 
  session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); 
  transaction t = session.begintransaction(); 
  try { 
   /** 生成主键对象 */ 
   departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); 
   deptpk.setarea("北京"); 
   deptpk.setname("研发部"); 
    
   department dept=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk); 
   session.delete(dept); 
   t.commit(); 
  } catch (hibernateexception e) { 
   e.printstacktrace(); 
   t.rollback(); 
  } finally { 
   hibernateutils.closesession(session); 
  } 
 } 
}

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