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Flutter 网络请求框架封装详解

2019年07月23日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

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 flutter 请求网络的三种方式

flutter 请求网络的方式有三种,分别是 dart 原生的网络请求 httpclient、第三方网络请求 http以及 flutter 中的 dio。我们可以比较一下这三种网络请求方式,然后封装为我们方便请求网络的工具类。

dart 原生的网络请求 httpclient

实现 dart 获取网络数据的请求,一般我们需要以下几个步骤:

step 1: 原生的网络请求时不需要修改 pubspec.yaml 文件的,我们只需要在使用的地方引入所需包就可以了

import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:io';

step 2:创建一个httpclient

httpclient httpclient = new httpclient();

step 3: 打开http连接,设置请求头

httpclientrequest request = await httpclient.geturl(uri);

在这一步中,我们可以设置人意的的请求方法,比如 get 请求、post 请求、delete 请求。

例如:携带参数的请求

uri uri=uri(scheme: "https", host: "flutterchina.club", queryparameters: {
  "username":"chen",
  "password":"123456"
 });

例如:设置请求的 header

request.headers.add("user-agent", "test");
request.headers.add("authorization", "lksjdlfjsdlkjslkklsdj");

step 4: 等待连接服务器

httpclientresponse response = await request.close();

step 5: 读取响应内容

if (response.statuscode == httpstatus.ok) {
   _content = await response.transform(utf8decoder()).join();
}

step 6: 断开连接

httpclient.close();

以上的步骤是 dart 简单获取网络的方式,我们从上面可以看到,通过 httpclient 发起网络请求时比较麻烦的,很多都要我们亲手处理,还有 cookie 的管理也是比较麻烦的。

库 http step

1:pubspec.yaml 添加依赖

http: '>=0.11.3+12'

step 2: 在使用的地方导包

import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

step 3: 发起请求

get 请求

void getrequest() async {
  var client = http.client();
  http.response response = await client.get(url_2);
  _content = response.body;
 }

post 请求

 void postrequest() async {
  var params = map<string, string>();
  params["username"] = "hellonews";
  params["password"] = "123456";

  var client = http.client();
  var response = await client.post(url_post, body: params);
  _content = response.body;
 }

相对比 dart 原生的网络请求,第三方库 http 的网络请求方式是要方便好多,写起来也是挺爽的。

flutter 发布的 dio

dio 一个强大的 dart http 请求库,支持 restful api、formdata、拦截器、请求取消、cookie管理、文件上传/下载、超时等...

step 1:pubspec.yaml 添加依赖

dependencies:
 dio: ^1.0.9

step 2:导入引用包

import 'package:dio/dio.dart';

step 3:发起网络请求

get 请求

void getrequest() async {
  dio dio = new dio();
  var response = await dio.get("/test?id=12&name=chen");
  _content = response.data.tostring();
 }

对于 query 参数,我们可以通过对象来进行传递,上面的代码等同于:

void getrequest() async {
  dio dio = new dio();
  var response = await dio.get("/test",data:{"id":12,"name":"chen"});
  _content = response.data.tostring();
 }

post 请求

 void postrequest() async {
  var dio = new dio();
  var response = await dio.post(url_post, data:{"id":12,"name":"wendu"});
  _content = response.data.tostring();
 }

dio 网络请求框架封装

 日志信息拦截

dio 和 okhttp 一样,都会有一个请求拦截器和响应拦截器,通过拦截器,我们可以在请求之前或响应之后做一些同意的预处理。例如我们发起请求前查看我们请求的参数和头部,响应的时候,我们可以查看返回来的数据。

  dio dio = new dio();
  // 添加拦截器
  if (config.debug) {
   dio.interceptors.add(interceptorswrapper(
     onrequest: (requestoptions options){
      print("\n================== 请求数据 ==========================");
      print("url = ${options.uri.tostring()}");
      print("headers = ${options.headers}");
      print("params = ${options.data}");
     },
     onresponse: (response response){
      print("\n================== 响应数据 ==========================");
      print("code = ${response.statuscode}");
      print("data = ${response.data}");
      print("\n");
     },
     onerror: (dioerror e){
      print("\n================== 错误响应数据 ======================");
      print("type = ${e.type}");
      print("message = ${e.message}");
      print("stacktrace = ${e.stacktrace}");
      print("\n");
     }
   ));
  }

如果我们想要移除拦截器,那么我们可以将其设置为 null

dio.interceptor.request.onsend=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onsuccess=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onerror=null;

token 添加

  // 头部添加 token 验证
  headers["authorization"] = "token lskjdlklsjkdklsjd333";
  option.headers = headers;
  ///超时
  option.connecttimeout = 15000;
  try {
   response response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
  } on dioerror catch (e) {
   // 请求错误处理
  }

自动生成 dart 的 json 实体类插件 flutterjsonbeanfactory

在 android 开发中,有 gsonformat 这个插件来讲 json 数据自动转化成 bean;那么在 flutter 中也有类似的插件可以生产序列化的实体类的插件:flutterjsonbeanfactory

step 1:下载插件 flutterjsonbeanfactory,安装完成后重启

setting -> plugins -> browse respositories 中搜索 flutterjsonbeanfactory

step 2:创建实体类,在指定目录下:

new -> dart bean class file from json

step 3:输入实体类名及 json 格式的数据

step 4:最后生成的实体类:loginentity

class loginentity {
	string easemobpassword;
	string username;

	loginentity({this.easemobpassword, this.username});

	loginentity.fromjson(map<string, dynamic> json) {
		easemobpassword = json['easemobpassword'];
		username = json['username'];
	}

	map<string, dynamic> tojson() {
		final map<string, dynamic> data = new map<string, dynamic>();
		data['easemobpassword'] = this.easemobpassword;
		data['username'] = this.username;
		return data;
	}
}

请求错误处理

 response response;
  try {
   response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
  } on dioerror catch (e) {
   // 请求错误处理
   response errorresponse;
   if (e.response != null) {
    errorresponse = e.response;
   } else {
    errorresponse = new response(statuscode: 666);
   }
   if (e.type == dioerrortype.connect_timeout) {
    errorresponse.statuscode = code.network_timeout;
   }
   if (config.debug) {
    print('请求异常: ' + e.tostring());
    print('请求异常 url: ' + url);
   }
   return new resultdata(code.errorhandlefunction(errorresponse.statuscode, e.message, notip), false, errorresponse.statuscode);
  }

其中 resultdata 是网络结果处理的实体类

/**
 * 网络结果数据
 * created by chenjianrun
 * date: 2018-07-16
 */
class resultdata {
 var data;
 bool result;
 int code;
 var headers;

 resultdata(this.data, this.result, this.code, {this.headers});
}

code 是处理网络错误的编码,并将错误结果通过 eventbus 发送出去,一般我们可以在 main_pager 中注册监听这个事件。

///网络请求错误编码
class code {
 ///网络错误
 static const network_error = -1;

 ///网络超时
 static const network_timeout = -2;

 ///网络返回数据格式化一次
 static const network_json_exception = -3;

 static const success = 200;

 static final eventbus eventbus = new eventbus();

 static errorhandlefunction(code, message, notip) {
  if(notip) {
   return message;
  }
  eventbus.fire(new httperrorevent(code, message));
  return message;
 }
}

完成的网络请求类:httprequest

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/sputils.dart';
import 'package:connectivity/connectivity.dart';

import 'dart:collection';

import 'package:private_tutor/common/config/config.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/resultcode.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/resultdata.dart';

///http请求管理类,可单独抽取出来
class httprequest {
 static string _baseurl;
 static const content_type_json = "application/json";
 static const content_type_form = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
 static map optionparams = {
  "timeoutms": 15000,
  "token": null,
  "authorizationcode": null,
 };

 static setbaseurl(string baseurl){
  _baseurl = baseurl;
 }

 static get(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseurl+url, param, null, new options(method:"get"));
 }

 static post(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseurl+url, param, {"accept": 'application/vnd.github.version.full+json'}, new options(method: 'post'));
 }

 static delete(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseurl+url, param, null, new options(method: 'delete'));
 }

 static put(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseurl+url, param, null, new options(method: "put", contenttype: contenttype.text));
 }

 ///发起网络请求
 ///[ url] 请求url
 ///[ params] 请求参数
 ///[ header] 外加头
 ///[ option] 配置
 static request(url, params, map<string, string> header, options option, {notip = false}) async {

  //没有网络
  var connectivityresult = await (new connectivity().checkconnectivity());
  if (connectivityresult == connectivityresult.none) {
   return new resultdata(code.errorhandlefunction(code.network_error, "", notip), false, code.network_error);
  }

  map<string, string> headers = new hashmap();
  if (header != null) {
   headers.addall(header);
  }

  //授权码
  if (optionparams["authorizationcode"] == null) {
   var authorizationcode = await getauthorization();
   if (authorizationcode != null) {
    optionparams["authorizationcode"] = authorizationcode;
   }
  }

  headers["authorization"] = optionparams["authorizationcode"];
  // 设置 baseurl
  
  if (option != null) {
   option.headers = headers;
  } else{
   option = new options(method: "get");
   option.headers = headers;
  }

  ///超时
  option.connecttimeout = 15000;

  dio dio = new dio();
  // 添加拦截器
  if (config.debug) {
   dio.interceptors.add(interceptorswrapper(
     onrequest: (requestoptions options){
      print("\n================== 请求数据 ==========================");
      print("url = ${options.uri.tostring()}");
      print("headers = ${options.headers}");
      print("params = ${options.data}");
     },
     onresponse: (response response){
      print("\n================== 响应数据 ==========================");
      print("code = ${response.statuscode}");
      print("data = ${response.data}");
      print("\n");
     },
     onerror: (dioerror e){
      print("\n================== 错误响应数据 ======================");
      print("type = ${e.type}");
      print("message = ${e.message}");
      print("stacktrace = ${e.stacktrace}");
      print("\n");
     }
   ));
  }

  response response;
  try {
   response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
  } on dioerror catch (e) {
   // 请求错误处理
   response errorresponse;
   if (e.response != null) {
    errorresponse = e.response;
   } else {
    errorresponse = new response(statuscode: 666);
   }
   if (e.type == dioerrortype.connect_timeout) {
    errorresponse.statuscode = code.network_timeout;
   }
   if (config.debug) {
    print('请求异常: ' + e.tostring());
    print('请求异常 url: ' + url);
   }
   return new resultdata(code.errorhandlefunction(errorresponse.statuscode, e.message, notip), false, errorresponse.statuscode);
  }

  try {
   if (option.contenttype != null && option.contenttype.primarytype == "text") {
    return new resultdata(response.data, true, code.success);
   } else {
    var responsejson = response.data;
    if (response.statuscode == 201 && responsejson["token"] != null) {
     optionparams["authorizationcode"] = 'token ' + responsejson["token"];
     await sputils.save(config.token_key, optionparams["authorizationcode"]);
    }
   }
   if (response.statuscode == 200 || response.statuscode == 201) {
    return resultdata(response.data, true, code.success, headers: response.headers);
   }
  } catch (e) {
   print(e.tostring() + url);
   return resultdata(response.data, false, response.statuscode, headers: response.headers);
  }
  return new resultdata(code.errorhandlefunction(response.statuscode, "", notip), false, response.statuscode);
 }

 ///清除授权
 static clearauthorization() {
  optionparams["authorizationcode"] = null;
  sputils.remove(config.token_key);
 }

 ///获取授权token
 static getauthorization() async {
  string token = await sputils.get(config.token_key);
  if (token == null) {
   string basic = await sputils.get(config.user_basic_code);
   if (basic == null) {
    //提示输入账号密码
   } else {
    //通过 basic 去获取token,获取到设置,返回token
    return "basic $basic";
   }
  } else {
   optionparams["authorizationcode"] = token;
   return token;
  }
 }
}

使用示例

/// 登录 model
class loginmodel{
  // 手机号码登录
 static phonelogin(string phone,string verifycode) async{
  resultdata response = await httprequest.post(address.phonelogin, {"phonenum" : phone,"captcha":verifycode});
  if(response != null && response.result){
    phoneloginentity phoneloginentity = phoneloginentity.fromjson(json.decode(response.data));
    return new dataresult(phoneloginentity, true);
  }else{
   return new dataresult(null, false);
  }
 }

  // 获取验证码
 static getverifycode(string phone) async{
  resultdata response = await httprequest.get("${address.getverifycode}?phone=${phone}", null);

//  var response = await httprequest.get(address.getverifycode, {"phone":phone});
  if(response != null && response.result){
   verifycodeentity entity = verifycodeentity.fromjson(response.data);
   return new dataresult(entity, true);
  }else{
   return new dataresult(null, false);
  }
 }
}

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