一、首先说明：蓝牙通信必须用手机测试，因为avd里没有相关的硬件，会报错！
好了，看看最后的效果图：
二、概述：
1.判断是否支持bluetooth
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bluetoothadapter bluetoothadapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
if(bluetoothadapter == null) {
//the device doesn't support bluetooth
} else {
//the device support bluetooth
}
2.如果支持，打开bluetooth
if(!bluetoothadapter.isenable()) {
intent enableintent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_enable);
startactivityforresult(enableintent,request_enable_bt);
}
3.监视bluetooth打开状态
broadcastreceiver bluetoothstate = new broadcastreceiver() {
public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
string stateextra = bluetoothadapter.extra_state;
int state = intent.getintextra(stateextra, -1);
switch(state) {
case bluetoothadapter.state_turning_on:
break;
case bluetoothadapter.state_on:
break;
case bluetoothadapter.state_turning_off:
break;
case bluetoothadapter.state_off:
break;
}
}
}
registerreceiver(bluetoothstate,new intentfilter(bluetoothadapter.action_state_changed));
4.设置本地设备可以被其它设备搜索
intent discoveryintent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_discoverable);
startactivityforresult(discoveryintent,request_discovery);
broadcastreceiver discovery = new broadcastreceiver() {
@override
public void onrecevie(content context, intent intent) {
string scanmode = bluetoothadapter.extra_scan_mode;
string prescanmode = bluetoothadapter.extra_previous_scan_mode;
int mode = intent.getintextra(scanmode);
}
}
registerreceiver(discovery,new intentfilter(bluetoothadapter.action_scan_mode_changed);
5.搜索设备
开始搜索 bluetoothadapter.startdiscovery();
停止搜索 bluetoothadapter.canceldiscovery();
当发现一个设备时，系统会发出action_found广播消息，我们可以实现接收这个消息的broadcastreceiver
broadcastreceiver devicefound = new broadcastreceiver() {
@override
public void onreceiver(content content, intent intent) {
string remotedevicename = intent.getstringextra(bluetoothadapter.extra_name);
bluetoothdevice remotedevice = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothadapter.extra_device);
}
}
registerreceiver(devicefound, new intentfilter(bluetoothadapter.action_found);
６.连接设备
连接两个蓝牙设备要分别实现服务器端(bluetoothserversocket）和客户端(bluetoothsocket），这点与j2se中的
serversocket和socket很类似。
bluetoothserversocket在服务器端调用方法accept()监听，当有客户端请求到来时,accept()方法返回bluetoothsocket，客户端得到后，两端便可以通信。通过inputstream和outputstream来实现数据的传输。
accept方法是阻塞的，所以不能放在ui线程中，当用到bluetoothserversocket和bluetoothsocket时，通常把它们放在各自的新线程中。
三、如何实现
以下是开发中的几个关键步骤：
1）首先开启蓝牙
2）搜索可用设备
3）创建蓝牙socket，获取输入输出流
4）读取和写入数据
5）断开连接关闭蓝牙
1、因为有页面切换，这里我使用了tabhost，但原来的效果不好，没有动画，那只好自己复写了
/**
* 带有动画效果的tabhost
*
* @project app_bluetooth
* @package com.android.bluetooth
* @author chenlin
* @version 1.0
* @date 2013年6月2日
* @note todo
*/
public class animationtabhost extends tabhost {
private int mcurrenttabid = 0;//当前的tabid
private final long mduration = 400;//动画时间
public animationtabhost(context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public animationtabhost(context context, attributeset attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
}
/**
* 切换动画
*/
@override
public void setcurrenttab(int index) {
//向右平移
if (index > mcurrenttabid) {
translateanimation translateanimation = new translateanimation(animation.relative_to_self, 0f, animation.relative_to_self,
-1.0f, animation.relative_to_self, 0f, animation.relative_to_self, 0f);
translateanimation.setduration(mduration);
getcurrentview().startanimation(translateanimation);
//向左平移
} else if (index < mcurrenttabid) {
translateanimation translateanimation = new translateanimation(
animation.relative_to_self, 0f, animation.relative_to_self, 1.0f, animation.relative_to_self, 0f,
animation.relative_to_self, 0f);
translateanimation.setduration(mduration);
getcurrentview().startanimation(translateanimation);
}
super.setcurrenttab(index);
//-----方向平移------------------------------
if (index > mcurrenttabid) {
translateanimation translateanimation = new translateanimation( //
animation.relative_to_parent, 1.0f,// relative_to_self
animation.relative_to_parent, 0f, animation.relative_to_parent, 0f, animation.relative_to_parent, 0f);
translateanimation.setduration(mduration);
getcurrentview().startanimation(translateanimation);
} else if (index < mcurrenttabid) {
translateanimation translateanimation = new translateanimation(
animation.relative_to_parent, -1.0f, animation.relative_to_parent, 0f, animation.relative_to_parent, 0f,
animation.relative_to_parent, 0f);
translateanimation.setduration(mduration);
getcurrentview().startanimation(translateanimation);
}
mcurrenttabid = index;
}
}
2、先搭建好主页，使用复写的tabhost滑动，如何滑动，根据状态，有三种状态
/**
* 主页
*
* @project app_bluetooth
* @package com.android.bluetooth
* @author chenlin
* @version 1.0
* @date 2013年6月2日
*/
@suppresswarnings("deprecation")
public class bluetoothactivity extends tabactivity {
static animationtabhost mtabhost;//动画tabhost
static string bluetoothaddress;//蓝牙地址
static type mtype = type.none;//类型
static boolean isopen = false;
//类型：
enum type {
none, service, cilent
};
@override
public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
setcontentview(r.layout.main);
inittab();
}
private void inittab() {
//初始化
mtabhost = (animationtabhost) gettabhost();
//添加tab
mtabhost.addtab(mtabhost.newtabspec("tab1").setindicator("设备列表", getresources().getdrawable(android.r.drawable.ic_menu_add))
.setcontent(new intent(this, deviceactivity.class)));
mtabhost.addtab(mtabhost.newtabspec("tab2").setindicator("会话列表", getresources().getdrawable(android.r.drawable.ic_menu_add))
.setcontent(new intent(this, chatactivity.class)));
//添加监听
mtabhost.setontabchangedlistener(new ontabchangelistener() {
public void ontabchanged(string tabid) {
if (tabid.equals("tab1")) {
//todo
}
}
});
//默认在第一个tabhost上面
mtabhost.setcurrenttab(0);
}
public void onactivityresult(int requestcode, int resultcode, intent data) {
toast.maketext(this, "address:", toast.length_short).show();
}
}
3、有了主页，就开始分别实现两个列表页面，一个是寻找设备页面deviceactivity.java，另一个是会话页面chatactivity.java
1）设备页面deviceactivity.java
/**
* 发现的设备列表
* @project app_bluetooth
* @package com.android.bluetooth
* @author chenlin
* @version 1.0
* @date 2013年6月2日
* @note todo
*/
public class deviceactivity extends activity {
private listview mlistview;
//数据
private arraylist<devicebean> mdatas;
private button mbtnsearch, mbtnservice;
private chatlistadapter madapter;
//蓝牙适配器
private bluetoothadapter mbtadapter;
@override
public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
setcontentview(r.layout.devices);
initdatas();
initviews();
registerbroadcast();
init();
}
private void initdatas() {
mdatas = new arraylist<devicebean>();
madapter = new chatlistadapter(this, mdatas);
mbtadapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
}
/**
* 列出所有的蓝牙设备
*/
private void init() {
log.i("tag", "mbtadapter=="+ mbtadapter);
//根据适配器得到所有的设备信息
set<bluetoothdevice> deviceset = mbtadapter.getbondeddevices();
if (deviceset.size() > 0) {
for (bluetoothdevice device : deviceset) {
mdatas.add(new devicebean(device.getname() + "\n" + device.getaddress(), true));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
}
} else {
mdatas.add(new devicebean("没有配对的设备", true));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
}
}
/**
* 注册广播
*/
private void registerbroadcast() {
//设备被发现广播
intentfilter discoveryfilter = new intentfilter(bluetoothdevice.action_found);
this.registerreceiver(mreceiver, discoveryfilter);
// 设备发现完成
intentfilter foundfilter = new intentfilter(bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished);
this.registerreceiver(mreceiver, foundfilter);
}
/**
* 初始化视图
*/
private void initviews() {
mlistview = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.list);
mlistview.setadapter(madapter);
mlistview.setfastscrollenabled(true);
mlistview.setonitemclicklistener(mdeviceclicklistener);
mbtnsearch = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.start_seach);
mbtnsearch.setonclicklistener(msearchlistener);
mbtnservice = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.start_service);
mbtnservice.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener() {
@override
public void onclick(view arg0) {
bluetoothactivity.mtype = type.service;
bluetoothactivity.mtabhost.setcurrenttab(1);
}
});
}
/**
* 搜索监听
*/
private onclicklistener msearchlistener = new onclicklistener() {
@override
public void onclick(view arg0) {
if (mbtadapter.isdiscovering()) {
mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
mbtnsearch.settext("重新搜索");
} else {
mdatas.clear();
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
init();
/* 开始搜索 */
mbtadapter.startdiscovery();
mbtnsearch.settext("ֹͣ停止搜索");
}
}
};
/**
* 点击设备监听
*/
private onitemclicklistener mdeviceclicklistener = new onitemclicklistener() {
public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> parent, view view, int position, long id) {
devicebean bean = mdatas.get(position);
string info = bean.message;
string address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);
bluetoothactivity.bluetoothaddress = address;
alertdialog.builder stopdialog = new alertdialog.builder(deviceactivity.this);
stopdialog.settitle("连接");//标题
stopdialog.setmessage(bean.message);
stopdialog.setpositivebutton("连接", new dialoginterface.onclicklistener() {
public void onclick(dialoginterface dialog, int which) {
mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
mbtnsearch.settext("重新搜索");
bluetoothactivity.mtype = type.cilent;
bluetoothactivity.mtabhost.setcurrenttab(1);
dialog.cancel();
}
});
stopdialog.setnegativebutton("取消", new dialoginterface.onclicklistener() {
public void onclick(dialoginterface dialog, int which) {
bluetoothactivity.bluetoothaddress = null;
dialog.cancel();
}
});
stopdialog.show();
}
};
/**
* 发现设备广播
*/
private final broadcastreceiver mreceiver = new broadcastreceiver() {
@override
public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
string action = intent.getaction();
if (bluetoothdevice.action_found.equals(action)) {
// 获得设备信息
bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device);
// 如果绑定的状态不一样
if (device.getbondstate() != bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded) {
mdatas.add(new devicebean(device.getname() + "\n" + device.getaddress(), false));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
}
// 如果搜索完成了
} else if (bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished.equals(action)) {
setprogressbarindeterminatevisibility(false);
if (mlistview.getcount() == 0) {
mdatas.add(new devicebean("û没有发现蓝牙设备", false));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
}
mbtnsearch.settext("重新搜索");
}
}
};
@override
public void onstart() {
super.onstart();
if (!mbtadapter.isenabled()) {
intent enableintent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_enable);
startactivityforresult(enableintent, 3);
}
}
@override
protected void ondestroy() {
super.ondestroy();
if (mbtadapter != null) {
mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
}
this.unregisterreceiver(mreceiver);
}
}
2）会话页面chatactivity.java
/**
* 会话界面
*
* @project app_bluetooth
* @package com.android.bluetooth
* @author chenlin
* @version 1.0
* @date 2013年3月2日
* @note todo
*/
public class chatactivity extends activity implements onitemclicklistener, onclicklistener {
private static final int status_connect = 0x11;
private listview mlistview;
private arraylist<devicebean> mdatas;
private button mbtnsend;// 发送按钮
private button mbtndisconn;// 断开连接
private edittext metmsg;
private devicelistadapter madapter;
/* 一些常量，代表服务器的名称 */
public static final string protocol_scheme_l2cap = "btl2cap";
public static final string protocol_scheme_rfcomm = "btspp";
public static final string protocol_scheme_bt_obex = "btgoep";
public static final string protocol_scheme_tcp_obex = "tcpobex";
// 蓝牙服务端socket
private bluetoothserversocket mserversocket;
// 蓝牙客户端socket
private bluetoothsocket msocket;
// 设备
private bluetoothdevice mdevice;
private bluetoothadapter mbluetoothadapter;
// --线程类-----------------
private serverthread mserverthread;
private clientthread mclientthread;
private readthread mreadthread;
@override
public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
setcontentview(r.layout.chat);
initdatas();
initviews();
initevents();
}
private void initevents() {
mlistview.setonitemclicklistener(this);
// 发送信息
mbtnsend.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener() {
@override
public void onclick(view arg0) {
string text = metmsg.gettext().tostring();
if (!textutils.isempty(text)) {
// 发送信息
sendmessagehandle(text);
metmsg.settext("");
metmsg.clearfocus();
// 隐藏软键盘
inputmethodmanager manager = (inputmethodmanager) getsystemservice(context.input_method_service);
manager.hidesoftinputfromwindow(metmsg.getwindowtoken(), 0);
} else
toast.maketext(chatactivity.this, "发送内容不能为空！", toast.length_short).show();
}
});
// 关闭会话
mbtndisconn.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener() {
@override
public void onclick(view view) {
if (bluetoothactivity.mtype == type.cilent) {
shutdownclient();
} else if (bluetoothactivity.mtype == type.service) {
shutdownserver();
}
bluetoothactivity.isopen = false;
bluetoothactivity.mtype = type.none;
toast.maketext(chatactivity.this, "已断开连接！", toast.length_short).show();
}
});
}
private void initviews() {
mlistview = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.list);
mlistview.setadapter(madapter);
mlistview.setfastscrollenabled(true);
metmsg = (edittext) findviewbyid(r.id.messagetext);
metmsg.clearfocus();
mbtnsend = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.btn_msg_send);
mbtndisconn = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.btn_disconnect);
}
private void initdatas() {
mdatas = new arraylist<devicebean>();
madapter = new devicelistadapter(this, mdatas);
mbluetoothadapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
}
/**
* 信息处理
*/
private handler mhandler = new handler() {
@override
public void handlemessage(message msg) {
string info = (string) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case status_connect:
toast.maketext(chatactivity.this, info, 0).show();
break;
}
if (msg.what == 1) {
mdatas.add(new devicebean(info, true));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
}else {
mdatas.add(new devicebean(info, false));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
}
}
};
@override
public void onresume() {
super.onresume();
if (bluetoothactivity.isopen) {
toast.maketext(this, "连接已经打开，可以通信。如果要再建立连接，请先断开", toast.length_short).show();
return;
}
if (bluetoothactivity.mtype == type.cilent) {
string address = bluetoothactivity.bluetoothaddress;
if (!"".equals(address)) {
mdevice = mbluetoothadapter.getremotedevice(address);
mclientthread = new clientthread();
mclientthread.start();
bluetoothactivity.isopen = true;
} else {
toast.maketext(this, "address is null !", toast.length_short).show();
}
} else if (bluetoothactivity.mtype == type.service) {
mserverthread = new serverthread();
mserverthread.start();
bluetoothactivity.isopen = true;
}
}
// 客户端线程
private class clientthread extends thread {
public void run() {
try {
msocket = mdevice.createrfcommsockettoservicerecord(uuid.fromstring("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
message msg = new message();
msg.obj = "请稍候，正在连接服务器:" + bluetoothactivity.bluetoothaddress;
msg.what = status_connect;
mhandler.sendmessage(msg);
msocket.connect();
msg = new message();
msg.obj = "已经连接上服务端！可以发送信息。";
msg.what = status_connect;
mhandler.sendmessage(msg);
// 启动接受数据
mreadthread = new readthread();
mreadthread.start();
} catch (ioexception e) {
message msg = new message();
msg.obj = "连接服务端异常！断开连接重新试一试。";
msg.what = status_connect;
mhandler.sendmessage(msg);
}
}
};
// 开启服务器
private class serverthread extends thread {
public void run() {
try {
// 创建一个蓝牙服务器 参数分别：服务器名称、uuid
mserversocket = mbluetoothadapter.listenusingrfcommwithservicerecord(protocol_scheme_rfcomm,
uuid.fromstring("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
message msg = new message();
msg.obj = "请稍候，正在等待客户端的连接...";
msg.what = status_connect;
mhandler.sendmessage(msg);
/* 接受客户端的连接请求 */
msocket = mserversocket.accept();
msg = new message();
msg.obj = "客户端已经连接上！可以发送信息。";
msg.what = status_connect;
mhandler.sendmessage(msg);
// 启动接受数据
mreadthread = new readthread();
mreadthread.start();
} catch (ioexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
};
/* 停止服务器 */
private void shutdownserver() {
new thread() {
public void run() {
if (mserverthread != null) {
mserverthread.interrupt();
mserverthread = null;
}
if (mreadthread != null) {
mreadthread.interrupt();
mreadthread = null;
}
try {
if (msocket != null) {
msocket.close();
msocket = null;
}
if (mserversocket != null) {
mserversocket.close();
mserversocket = null;
}
} catch (ioexception e) {
log.e("server", "mserversocket.close()", e);
}
};
}.start();
}
/* ͣ停止客户端连接 */
private void shutdownclient() {
new thread() {
public void run() {
if (mclientthread != null) {
mclientthread.interrupt();
mclientthread = null;
}
if (mreadthread != null) {
mreadthread.interrupt();
mreadthread = null;
}
if (msocket != null) {
try {
msocket.close();
} catch (ioexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}
msocket = null;
}
};
}.start();
}
// 发送数据
private void sendmessagehandle(string msg) {
if (msocket == null) {
toast.maketext(this, "没有连接", toast.length_short).show();
return;
}
try {
outputstream os = msocket.getoutputstream();
os.write(msg.getbytes());
mdatas.add(new devicebean(msg, false));
madapter.notifydatasetchanged();
mlistview.setselection(mdatas.size() - 1);
} catch (ioexception e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
// 读取数据
private class readthread extends thread {
public void run() {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytes;
inputstream is = null;
try {
is = msocket.getinputstream();
while (true) {
if ((bytes = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {
byte[] buf_data = new byte[bytes];
for (int i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
buf_data[i] = buffer[i];
}
string s = new string(buf_data);
message msg = new message();
msg.obj = s;
msg.what = 1;
mhandler.sendmessage(msg);
}
}
} catch (ioexception e1) {
e1.printstacktrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
} catch (ioexception e1) {
e1.printstacktrace();
}
}
}
}
@override
public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> parent, view view, int position, long id) {
}
@override
public void onclick(view view) {
}
@override
protected void ondestroy() {
super.ondestroy();
if (bluetoothactivity.mtype == type.cilent) {
shutdownclient();
} else if (bluetoothactivity.mtype == type.service) {
shutdownserver();
}
bluetoothactivity.isopen = false;
bluetoothactivity.mtype = type.none;
}
}
三、相关代码下载
demo下载：
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