android nfc常用标签读取总结

<uses-sdk android:minsdkversion="14"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.nfc" />
<!-- 要求当前设备必须要有nfc芯片 -->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />

<activity
  android:name=".tagtextactivity"
  android:launchmode="singletop"/>

/**
 * 1.子类需要在oncreate方法中做activity初始化。
 * 2.子类需要在onnewintent方法中进行nfc标签相关操作。
 *  当launchmode设置为singletop时，第一次运行调用oncreate方法，
 *  第二次运行将不会创建新的activity实例，将调用onnewintent方法
 *  所以我们获取intent传递过来的tag数据操作放在onnewintent方法中执行
 *  如果在栈中已经有该activity的实例，就重用该实例(会调用实例的onnewintent())
 *  只要nfc标签靠近就执行
 */
public class basenfcactivity extends appcompatactivity {
  private nfcadapter mnfcadapter;
  private pendingintent mpendingintent;
  /**
   * 启动activity，界面可见时
   */
  @override
  protected void onstart() {
    super.onstart();
    mnfcadapter = nfcadapter.getdefaultadapter(this);
    //一旦截获nfc消息，就会通过pendingintent调用窗口
    mpendingintent = pendingintent.getactivity(this, 0, new intent(this, getclass()), 0);
  }
  /**
   * 获得焦点，按钮可以点击
   */
  @override
  public void onresume() {
    super.onresume();
    //设置处理优于所有其他nfc的处理
    if (mnfcadapter != null)
      mnfcadapter.enableforegrounddispatch(this, mpendingintent, null, null);
  }
  /**
   * 暂停activity，界面获取焦点，按钮可以点击
   */
  @override
  public void onpause() {
    super.onpause();
    //恢复默认状态
    if (mnfcadapter != null)
      mnfcadapter.disableforegrounddispatch(this);
  }
}

tag tag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);

ndef ndef = ndef.get(tag);

ndef.writendefmessage(ndefmessage);

public class runappactivity extends basenfcactivity{
  private string mpackagename = "com.android.mms";//短信
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);
  }
  @override
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    if (mpackagename == null)
      return;
    //1.获取tag对象
    tag detectedtag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    writenfctag(detectedtag);
  }
  /**
   * 往标签写数据的方法
   *
   * @param tag
   */
  public void writenfctag(tag tag) {
    if (tag == null) {
      return;
    }
    ndefmessage ndefmessage = new ndefmessage(new ndefrecord[]{ndefrecord
        .createapplicationrecord(mpackagename)});
    //转换成字节获得大小
    int size = ndefmessage.tobytearray().length;
    try {
      //2.判断nfc标签的数据类型（通过ndef.get方法）
      ndef ndef = ndef.get(tag);
      //判断是否为ndef标签
      if (ndef != null) {
        ndef.connect();
        //判断是否支持可写
        if (!ndef.iswritable()) {
          return;
        }
        //判断标签的容量是否够用
        if (ndef.getmaxsize() < size) {
          return;
        }
        //3.写入数据
        ndef.writendefmessage(ndefmessage);
        toast.maketext(this, "写入成功", toast.length_short).show();
      } else { //当我们买回来的nfc标签是没有格式化的，或者没有分区的执行此步
        //ndef格式类
        ndefformatable format = ndefformatable.get(tag);
        //判断是否获得了ndefformatable对象，有一些标签是只读的或者不允许格式化的
        if (format != null) {
          //连接
          format.connect();
          //格式化并将信息写入标签
          format.format(ndefmessage);
          toast.maketext(this, "写入成功", toast.length_short).show();
        } else {
          toast.maketext(this, "写入失败", toast.length_short).show();
        }
      }
    } catch (exception e) {
    }
  }
}

//直接接受一个uri
public ndefrecord createuri(string uristring); 
//接受一个uri的对象
public ndefrecord createuri(uri uri); 

ndefmessage ndefmessage = new ndefmessage(new ndefrecord[]{ndefrecord
    .createapplicationrecord(mpackagename)});

ndefmessage ndefmessage = new ndefmessage(new ndefrecord[]{ndefrecord
    .createuri(uri.parse(http://www.baidu.com))});

public class readtextactivity extends basenfcactivity {
  private textview mnfctext;
  private string mtagtext;
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_read_text);
    mnfctext = (textview) findviewbyid(r.id.tv_nfctext);
  }
  @override
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    //1.获取tag对象
    tag detectedtag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    //2.获取ndef的实例
    ndef ndef = ndef.get(detectedtag);
    mtagtext = ndef.gettype() + "\nmaxsize:" + ndef.getmaxsize() + "bytes\n\n";
    readnfctag(intent);
    mnfctext.settext(mtagtext);
  }
  /**
   * 读取nfc标签文本数据
   */
  private void readnfctag(intent intent) {
    if (nfcadapter.action_ndef_discovered.equals(intent.getaction())) {
      parcelable[] rawmsgs = intent.getparcelablearrayextra(
          nfcadapter.extra_ndef_messages);
      ndefmessage msgs[] = null;
      int contentsize = 0;
      if (rawmsgs != null) {
        msgs = new ndefmessage[rawmsgs.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < rawmsgs.length; i++) {
          msgs[i] = (ndefmessage) rawmsgs[i];
          contentsize += msgs[i].tobytearray().length;
        }
      }
      try {
        if (msgs != null) {
          ndefrecord record = msgs[0].getrecords()[0];
          string textrecord = parsetextrecord(record);
          mtagtext += textrecord + "\n\ntext\n" + contentsize + " bytes";
        }
      } catch (exception e) {
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 解析ndef文本数据，从第三个字节开始，后面的文本数据
   * @param ndefrecord
   * @return
   */
  public static string parsetextrecord(ndefrecord ndefrecord) {
    /**
     * 判断数据是否为ndef格式
     */
    //判断tnf
    if (ndefrecord.gettnf() != ndefrecord.tnf_well_known) {
      return null;
    }
    //判断可变的长度的类型
    if (!arrays.equals(ndefrecord.gettype(), ndefrecord.rtd_text)) {
      return null;
    }
    try {
      //获得字节数组，然后进行分析
      byte[] payload = ndefrecord.getpayload();
      //下面开始ndef文本数据第一个字节，状态字节
      //判断文本是基于utf-8还是utf-16的，取第一个字节"位与"上16进制的80，16进制的80也就是最高位是1，
      //其他位都是0，所以进行"位与"运算后就会保留最高位
      string textencoding = ((payload[0] & 0x80) == 0) ? "utf-8" : "utf-16";
      //3f最高两位是0，第六位是1，所以进行"位与"运算后获得第六位
      int languagecodelength = payload[0] & 0x3f;
      //下面开始ndef文本数据第二个字节，语言编码
      //获得语言编码
      string languagecode = new string(payload, 1, languagecodelength, "us-ascii");
      //下面开始ndef文本数据后面的字节，解析出文本
      string textrecord = new string(payload, languagecodelength + 1,
          payload.length - languagecodelength - 1, textencoding);
      return textrecord;
    } catch (exception e) {
      throw new illegalargumentexception();
    }
  }
}

<activity
  android:name=".readtextactivity"
  android:launchmode="singletop"/>

public class writetextactivity extends basenfcactivity {
  private string mtext = "nfc-newtext-123";
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_write_text);
  }
  @override
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    if (mtext == null)
      return;
    //获取tag对象
    tag detectedtag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    ndefmessage ndefmessage = new ndefmessage(
        new ndefrecord[] { createtextrecord(mtext) });
    boolean result = writetag(ndefmessage, detectedtag);
    if (result){
      toast.maketext(this, "写入成功", toast.length_short).show();
    } else {
      toast.maketext(this, "写入失败", toast.length_short).show();
    }
  }
  /**
   * 创建ndef文本数据
   * @param text
   * @return
   */
  public static ndefrecord createtextrecord(string text) {
    byte[] langbytes = locale.china.getlanguage().getbytes(charset.forname("us-ascii"));
    charset utfencoding = charset.forname("utf-8");
    //将文本转换为utf-8格式
    byte[] textbytes = text.getbytes(utfencoding);
    //设置状态字节编码最高位数为0
    int utfbit = 0;
    //定义状态字节
    char status = (char) (utfbit + langbytes.length);
    byte[] data = new byte[1 + langbytes.length + textbytes.length];
    //设置第一个状态字节，先将状态码转换成字节
    data[0] = (byte) status;
    //设置语言编码，使用数组拷贝方法，从0开始拷贝到data中，拷贝到data的1到langbytes.length的位置
    system.arraycopy(langbytes, 0, data, 1, langbytes.length);
    //设置文本字节，使用数组拷贝方法，从0开始拷贝到data中，拷贝到data的1 + langbytes.length
    //到textbytes.length的位置
    system.arraycopy(textbytes, 0, data, 1 + langbytes.length, textbytes.length);
    //通过字节传入ndefrecord对象
    //ndefrecord.rtd_text：传入类型 读写
    ndefrecord ndefrecord = new ndefrecord(ndefrecord.tnf_well_known,
        ndefrecord.rtd_text, new byte[0], data);
    return ndefrecord;
  }
  /**
   * 写数据
   * @param ndefmessage 创建好的ndef文本数据
   * @param tag 标签
   * @return
   */
  public static boolean writetag(ndefmessage ndefmessage, tag tag) {
    try {
      ndef ndef = ndef.get(tag);
      ndef.connect();
      ndef.writendefmessage(ndefmessage);
      return true;
    } catch (exception e) {
    }
    return false;
  }
}

public class uriprefix {
  public static final map<byte, string> uri_prefix_map = new hashmap<byte, string>();
  // 预先定义已知uri前缀
  static {
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x00, "");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x01, "http://www.");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x02, "https://www.");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x03, "http://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x04, "https://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x05, "tel:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x06, "mailto:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x07, "ftp://anonymous:anonymous@");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x08, "ftp://ftp.");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x09, "ftps://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x0a, "sftp://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x0b, "smb://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x0c, "nfs://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x0d, "ftp://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x0e, "dav://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x0f, "news:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x10, "telnet://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x11, "imap:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x12, "rtsp://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x13, "urn:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x14, "pop:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x15, "sip:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x16, "sips:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x17, "tftp:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x18, "btspp://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x19, "btl2cap://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x1a, "btgoep://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x1b, "tcpobex://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x1c, "irdaobex://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x1d, "file://");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x1e, "urn:epc:id:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x1f, "urn:epc:tag:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x20, "urn:epc:pat:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x21, "urn:epc:raw:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x22, "urn:epc:");
    uri_prefix_map.put((byte) 0x23, "urn:nfc:");
  }
}

<activity
  android:name=".readwriteuriactivity"
  android:label="读写nfc标签的uri"
  android:launchmode="singletop" >
  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.nfc.action.ndef_discovered" />
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.default" />
    <!-- 拦截nfc标签中存储有以下uri前缀的 -->
    <data android:scheme="http" />
    <data android:scheme="https" />
    <data android:scheme="ftp" />
  </intent-filter>
  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.nfc.action.ndef_discovered" />
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.default" />
    <!-- 定义可以拦截文本 -->
    <data android:mimetype="text/plain" />
  </intent-filter>
</activity>

public class readuriactivity extends basenfcactivity {
  private textview mnfctext;
  private string mtagtext;
  @override
  public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_read_uri);
    mnfctext = (textview) findviewbyid(r.id.tv_nfctext);
  }
  @override
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    //获取tag对象
    tag detectedtag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    //获取ndef的实例
    ndef ndef = ndef.get(detectedtag);
    mtagtext = ndef.gettype() + "\n max size:" + ndef.getmaxsize() + " bytes\n\n";
    readnfctag(intent);
    mnfctext.settext(mtagtext);
  }
  /**
   * 读取nfc标签uri
   */
  private void readnfctag(intent intent) {
    if (nfcadapter.action_ndef_discovered.equals(intent.getaction())) {
      parcelable[] rawmsgs = intent.getparcelablearrayextra(
          nfcadapter.extra_ndef_messages);
      ndefmessage ndefmessage = null;
      int contentsize = 0;
      if (rawmsgs != null) {
        if (rawmsgs.length > 0) {
          ndefmessage = (ndefmessage) rawmsgs[0];
          contentsize = ndefmessage.tobytearray().length;
        } else {
          return;
        }
      }
      try {
        ndefrecord ndefrecord = ndefmessage.getrecords()[0];
        log.i("java",ndefrecord.tostring());
        uri uri = parse(ndefrecord);
        log.i("java","uri:"+uri.tostring());
        mtagtext += uri.tostring() + "\n\nuri\n" + contentsize + " bytes";
      } catch (exception e) {
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 解析ndefrecord中uri数据
   * @param record
   * @return
   */
  public static uri parse(ndefrecord record) {
    short tnf = record.gettnf();
    if (tnf == ndefrecord.tnf_well_known) {
      return parsewellknown(record);
    } else if (tnf == ndefrecord.tnf_absolute_uri) {
      return parseabsolute(record);
    }
    throw new illegalargumentexception("unknown tnf " + tnf);
  }
  /**
   * 处理绝对的uri
   * 没有uri识别码，也就是没有uri前缀，存储的全部是字符串
   * @param ndefrecord 描述ndef信息的一个信息段，一个ndefmessage可能包含一个或者多个ndefrecord
   * @return
   */
  private static uri parseabsolute(ndefrecord ndefrecord) {
    //获取所有的字节数据
    byte[] payload = ndefrecord.getpayload();
    uri uri = uri.parse(new string(payload, charset.forname("utf-8")));
    return uri;
  }
  /**
   * 处理已知类型的uri
   * @param ndefrecord
   * @return
   */
  private static uri parsewellknown(ndefrecord ndefrecord) {
    //判断数据是否是uri类型的
    if (!arrays.equals(ndefrecord.gettype(), ndefrecord.rtd_uri))
      return null;
    //获取所有的字节数据
    byte[] payload = ndefrecord.getpayload();
    string prefix = uriprefix.uri_prefix_map.get(payload[0]);
    byte[] prefixbytes = prefix.getbytes(charset.forname("utf-8"));
    byte[] fulluri = new byte[prefixbytes.length + payload.length - 1];
    system.arraycopy(prefixbytes, 0, fulluri, 0, prefixbytes.length);
    system.arraycopy(payload, 1, fulluri, prefixbytes.length, payload.length - 1);
    uri uri = uri.parse(new string(fulluri, charset.forname("utf-8")));
    return uri;
  }
}

public class writeuriactivity extends basenfcactivity {
  private string muri = "http://www.baidu.com";
  @override
  public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_write_uri);
  }
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    tag detectedtag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    ndefmessage ndefmessage = new ndefmessage(new ndefrecord[]{createurirecord(muri)});
    boolean result = writetag(ndefmessage, detectedtag);
    if (result){
      toast.maketext(this, "写入成功", toast.length_short).show();
    } else {
      toast.maketext(this, "写入失败", toast.length_short).show();
    }
  }
  /**
   * 将uri转成ndefrecord
   * @param uristr
   * @return
   */
  public static ndefrecord createurirecord(string uristr) {
    byte prefix = 0;
    for (byte b : uriprefix.uri_prefix_map.keyset()) {
      string prefixstr = uriprefix.uri_prefix_map.get(b).tolowercase();
      if ("".equals(prefixstr))
        continue;
      if (uristr.tolowercase().startswith(prefixstr)) {
        prefix = b;
        uristr = uristr.substring(prefixstr.length());
        break;
      }
    }
    byte[] data = new byte[1 + uristr.length()];
    data[0] = prefix;
    system.arraycopy(uristr.getbytes(), 0, data, 1, uristr.length());
    ndefrecord record = new ndefrecord(ndefrecord.tnf_well_known, ndefrecord.rtd_uri, new byte[0], data);
    return record;
  }
  /**
   * 写入标签
   * @param message
   * @param tag
   * @return
   */
  public static boolean writetag(ndefmessage message, tag tag) {
    int size = message.tobytearray().length;
    try {
      ndef ndef = ndef.get(tag);
      if (ndef != null) {
        ndef.connect();
        if (!ndef.iswritable()) {
          return false;
        }
        if (ndef.getmaxsize() < size) {
          return false;
        }
        ndef.writendefmessage(message);
        return true;
      }
    } catch (exception e) {
    }
    return false;
  }
}

public class readmuactivity extends basenfcactivity {
  @override
  public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_read_mu);
  }
  @override
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    tag tag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    string[] techlist = tag.gettechlist();
    boolean havemifareultralight = false;
    for (string tech : techlist) {
      if (tech.indexof("mifareultralight") >= 0) {
        havemifareultralight = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!havemifareultralight) {
      toast.maketext(this, "不支持mifareultralight数据格式", toast.length_short).show();
      return;
    }
    string data = readtag(tag);
    if (data != null)
      toast.maketext(this, data, toast.length_short).show();
  }
  public string readtag(tag tag) {
    mifareultralight ultralight = mifareultralight.get(tag);
    try {
      ultralight.connect();
      byte[] data = ultralight.readpages(4);
      return new string(data, charset.forname("gb2312"));
    } catch (exception e) {
    } finally {
      try {
        ultralight.close();
      } catch (exception e) {
      }
    }
    return null;
  }
}

public class writemuactivity extends basenfcactivity {
  @override
  public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_write_mu);
  }
  @override
  public void onnewintent(intent intent) {
    tag tag = intent.getparcelableextra(nfcadapter.extra_tag);
    string[] techlist = tag.gettechlist();
    boolean havemifareultralight = false;
    for (string tech : techlist) {
      if (tech.indexof("mifareultralight") >= 0) {
        havemifareultralight = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!havemifareultralight) {
      toast.maketext(this, "不支持mifareultralight数据格式", toast.length_short).show();
      return;
    }
    writetag(tag);
  }
  public void writetag(tag tag) {
    mifareultralight ultralight = mifareultralight.get(tag);
    try {
      ultralight.connect();
      //写入八个汉字，从第五页开始写，中文需要转换成gb2312格式
      ultralight.writepage(4, "北京".getbytes(charset.forname("gb2312")));
      ultralight.writepage(5, "上海".getbytes(charset.forname("gb2312")));
      ultralight.writepage(6, "广州".getbytes(charset.forname("gb2312")));
      ultralight.writepage(7, "天津".getbytes(charset.forname("gb2312")));
      toast.maketext(this, "写入成功", toast.length_short).show();
    } catch (exception e) {
    } finally {
      try {
        ultralight.close();
      } catch (exception e) {
      }
    }
  }
}