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目录
例如
使用 list<apipermission>存储角色的授权 api 列表。
可有可无。
可以把授权访问的 api 存放到 token 中，token 也可以只存放角色信息和用户身份信息。
我要评论 /// <summary>
/// api
/// </summary>
public class apipermission
{
/// <summary>
/// api名称
/// </summary>
public virtual string name { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// api地址
/// </summary>
public virtual string url { get; set; }
}
iauthorizationrequirement 接口代表了用户的身份信息，作为认证校验、授权校验使用。
事实上，iauthorizationrequirement 没有任何要实现的内容。
namespace microsoft.aspnetcore.authorization
{
//
// 摘要:
// represents an authorization requirement.
public interface iauthorizationrequirement
{
}
}
实现 iauthorizationrequirement ，可以任意定义需要的属性，这些会作为自定义验证的便利手段。
//iauthorizationrequirement 是 microsoft.aspnetcore.authorization 接口
/// <summary>
/// 用户认证信息必要参数类
/// </summary>
public class permissionrequirement : iauthorizationrequirement
{
/// <summary>
/// 用户所属角色
/// </summary>
public role roles { get; set; } = new role();
public void setrolesname(string rolename)
{
roles.name = rolename;
}
/// <summary>
/// 无权限时跳转到此api
/// </summary>
public string deniedaction { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 认证授权类型
/// </summary>
public string claimtype { internal get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 未授权时跳转
/// </summary>
public string loginpath { get; set; } = "/account/login";
/// <summary>
/// 发行人
/// </summary>
public string issuer { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 订阅人
/// </summary>
public string audience { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 过期时间
/// </summary>
public timespan expiration { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 颁发时间
/// </summary>
public long issuedtime { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 签名验证
/// </summary>
public signingcredentials signingcredentials { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 构造
/// </summary>
/// <param name="deniedaction">无权限时跳转到此api</param>
/// <param name="userpermissions">用户权限集合</param>
/// <param name="deniedaction">拒约请求的url</param>
/// <param name="permissions">权限集合</param>
/// <param name="claimtype">声明类型</param>
/// <param name="issuer">发行人</param>
/// <param name="audience">订阅人</param>
/// <param name="issusedtime">颁发时间</param>
/// <param name="signingcredentials">签名验证实体</param>
public permissionrequirement(string deniedaction, role role, string claimtype, string issuer, string audience, signingcredentials signingcredentials,long issusedtime, timespan expiration)
{
claimtype = claimtype;
deniedaction = deniedaction;
roles = role;
issuer = issuer;
audience = audience;
expiration = expiration;
issuedtime = issusedtime;
signingcredentials = signingcredentials;
}
}
token 的信息配置
public static tokenvalidationparameters gettokenvalidationparameters()
{
var tokenvalida = new tokenvalidationparameters
{
// 定义 token 内容
validateissuersigningkey = true,
issuersigningkey = new symmetricsecuritykey(encoding.utf8.getbytes(authconfig.securitykey)),
validateissuer = true,
validissuer = authconfig.issuer,
validateaudience = true,
validaudience = authconfig.audience,
validatelifetime = true,
clockskew = timespan.zero,
requireexpirationtime = true
};
return tokenvalida;
}
用于将用户的身份信息(claims)和角色授权信息(permissionrequirement)存放到 token 中。
/// <summary>
/// 获取基于jwt的token
/// </summary>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static dynamic buildjwttoken(claim[] claims, permissionrequirement permissionrequirement)
{
var now = datetime.utcnow;
var jwt = new jwtsecuritytoken(
issuer: permissionrequirement.issuer,
audience: permissionrequirement.audience,
claims: claims,
notbefore: now,
expires: now.add(permissionrequirement.expiration),
signingcredentials: permissionrequirement.signingcredentials
);
var encodedjwt = new jwtsecuritytokenhandler().writetoken(jwt);
var response = new
{
status = true,
access_token = encodedjwt,
expires_in = permissionrequirement.expiration.totalmilliseconds,
token_type = "bearer"
};
return response;
}
从别的变量导入配置信息，可有可无
// 设置用于加密 token 的密钥
// 配置角色权限
var rolerequirement = rolepermission.getrolerequirement(accounthash.gettokensecuritykey());
// 定义如何生成用户的 token
var tokenvalidationparameters = rolepermission.gettokenvalidationparameters();
配置 asp.net core 的身份认证服务
需要实现三个配置
// 导入角色身份认证策略
services.addauthorization(options =>
{
options.addpolicy("permission",
policy => policy.requirements.add(rolerequirement));
// ↓ 身份认证类型
}).addauthentication(options =>
{
options.defaultauthenticatescheme = jwtbearerdefaults.authenticationscheme;
options.defaultscheme = jwtbearerdefaults.authenticationscheme;
options.defaultchallengescheme = jwtbearerdefaults.authenticationscheme;
// ↓ jwt 认证配置
})
.addjwtbearer(options =>
{
options.tokenvalidationparameters = tokenvalidationparameters;
options.savetoken = true;
options.events = new jwtbearerevents()
{
// 在安全令牌通过验证和claimsidentity通过验证之后调用
// 如果用户访问注销页面
ontokenvalidated = context =>
{
if (context.request.path.value.tostring() == "/account/logout")
{
var token = ((context as tokenvalidatedcontext).securitytoken as jwtsecuritytoken).rawdata;
}
return task.completedtask;
}
};
});
注入自定义的授权服务 permissionhandler
注入自定义认证模型类 rolerequirement
// 添加 httpcontext 拦截
services.addsingleton<iauthorizationhandler, permissionhandler>();
services.addsingleton(rolerequirement);
添加中间件
貌似这两个不区分先后顺序
app.useauthorization();
app.useauthentication();
可以在颁发 token 时把能够使用的 api 存储进去，但是这种方法不适合 api 较多的情况。
可以存放 用户信息(claims)和角色信息，后台通过角色信息获取授权访问的 api 列表。
/// <summary>
/// 登陆
/// </summary>
/// <param name="username">用户名</param>
/// <param name="password">密码</param>
/// <returns>token信息</returns>
[httppost("login")]
public jsonresult login(string username, string password)
{
var user = usermodel.users.firstordefault(x => x.username == username && x.userpossword == password);
if (user == null)
return new jsonresult(
new responsemodel
{
code = 0,
message = "登陆失败!"
});
// 配置用户标识
var userclaims = new claim[]
{
new claim(claimtypes.name,user.username),
new claim(claimtypes.role,user.role),
new claim(claimtypes.expiration,datetime.now.addminutes(_requirement.expiration.totalminutes).tostring()),
};
_requirement.setrolesname(user.role);
// 生成用户标识
var identity = new claimsidentity(jwtbearerdefaults.authenticationscheme);
identity.addclaims(userclaims);
var token = jwttoken.buildjwttoken(userclaims, _requirement);
return new jsonresult(
new responsemodel
{
code = 200,
message = "登陆成功!请注意保存你的 token 凭证!",
data = token
});
}
[authorize(policy = "permission")]
要实现自定义 api 角色/策略授权，需要继承 authorizationhandler<trequirement>。
里面的内容是完全自定义的， authorizationhandlercontext 是认证授权的上下文，在此实现自定义的访问授权认证。
也可以加上自动刷新 token 的功能。
/// <summary>
/// 验证用户信息，进行权限授权handler
/// </summary>
public class permissionhandler : authorizationhandler<permissionrequirement>
{
protected override task handlerequirementasync(authorizationhandlercontext context,
permissionrequirement requirement)
{
list<permissionrequirement> requirements = new list<permissionrequirement>();
foreach (var item in context.requirements)
{
requirements.add((permissionrequirement)item);
}
foreach (var item in requirements)
{
// 校验 颁发和接收对象
if (!(item.issuer == authconfig.issuer ?
item.audience == authconfig.audience ?
true : false : false))
{
context.fail();
}
// 校验过期时间
var nowtime = datetimeoffset.now.tounixtimeseconds();
var issued = item.issuedtime +convert.toint64(item.expiration.totalseconds);
if (issued < nowtime)
context.fail();
// 是否有访问此 api 的权限
var resource = ((microsoft.aspnetcore.routing.routeendpoint)context.resource).routepattern;
var permissions = item.roles.permissions.tolist();
var apis = permissions.any(x => x.name.tolower() == item.roles.name.tolower() && x.url.tolower() == resource.rawtext.tolower());
if (!apis)
context.fail();
context.succeed(requirement);
// 无权限时跳转到某个页面
//var httpcontext = new httpcontextaccessor();
//httpcontext.httpcontext.response.redirect(item.deniedaction);
}
context.succeed(requirement);
return task.completedtask;
}
}
将字符串生成哈希值，例如密码。
为了安全，删除字符串里面的特殊字符，例如 "、'、$。
public static class accounthash
{
// 获取字符串的哈希值
public static string getbyhashstring(string str)
{
string hash = getmd5hash(str.replace("\"", string.empty)
.replace("\'", string.empty)
.replace("$", string.empty));
return hash;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取用于加密 token 的密钥
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static signingcredentials gettokensecuritykey()
{
var securitykey = new signingcredentials(
new symmetricsecuritykey(
encoding.utf8.getbytes(authconfig.securitykey)), securityalgorithms.hmacsha256);
return securitykey;
}
private static string getmd5hash(string source)
{
md5 md5hash = md5.create();
byte[] data = md5hash.computehash(encoding.utf8.getbytes(source));
stringbuilder sbuilder = new stringbuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
{
sbuilder.append(data[i].tostring("x2"));
}
return sbuilder.tostring();
}
}
签发 token
permissionrequirement 不是必须的，用来存放角色或策略认证信息，claims 应该是必须的。
/// <summary>
/// 颁发用户token
/// </summary>
public class jwttoken
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取基于jwt的token
/// </summary>
/// <param name="username"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static dynamic buildjwttoken(claim[] claims, permissionrequirement permissionrequirement)
{
var now = datetime.utcnow;
var jwt = new jwtsecuritytoken(
issuer: permissionrequirement.issuer,
audience: permissionrequirement.audience,
claims: claims,
notbefore: now,
expires: now.add(permissionrequirement.expiration),
signingcredentials: permissionrequirement.signingcredentials
);
var encodedjwt = new jwtsecuritytokenhandler().writetoken(jwt);
var response = new
{
status = true,
access_token = encodedjwt,
expires_in = permissionrequirement.expiration.totalmilliseconds,
token_type = "bearer"
};
return response;
}
表示时间戳
// unix 时间戳 datetimeoffset.now.tounixtimeseconds(); // 检验 token 是否过期 // 将 timespan 转为 unix 时间戳 convert.toint64(timespan); datetimeoffset.now.tounixtimeseconds() + convert.toint64(timespan);
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