详解Zabbix安装部署实践_Linux

前言

zabbix是目前最为主流的开源监控方案之一，部署本身并不困难，难的是深入理解。根据在生产环境的实践从新版zabbix 4.0 lts开始全部使用docker部署，我相信未来越来越多的开源组件都会以容器化的形式呈现在我们面前。

操作系统：

[root@mysql ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
centos linux release 7.5.1804 (core)

mysql ：版本5.7.23 192.168.75.251

zabbix server：版本3.4.12 192.168.75.250

一、安装mysql

1.1下载mysql

关闭防火墙

#systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
vi /etc/selinux/config
selinux=enforcing 改为 selinux= disabled

centos7 默认数据库为mariadb ，先卸载

rpm –qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

这个版本需要boost 1.9，也要下载

[root@mysql soft]# ll
total 132444
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 83709983 aug 10 10:26 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51907462 aug 10 10:26 mysql-5.7.23.tar.gz

添加mysql用户，

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

1.2安装依赖包

yum install -y cmake bison bison-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ git ncurses-devel

1.3编译

解压mysql ,把boost的压缩版放到解压后的mysql目录内

tar xzvf mysql-5.7.23.tar.gz
mv boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.7.23

进入mysql源文件目录，新建configure做为编译目录，并进入该目

cd mysql-5.7.23
mkdir configure
cd configure

使用cmake进行生成编译环境，

cmake .. -dbuild_config=mysql_release \

-dinstall_layout=standalone \

-dcmake_build_type=relwithdebinfo \

-denable_dtrace=off \

-dwith_embedded_server=off \

-dwith_innodb_memcached=on \

-dwith_ssl=bundled \

-dwith_zlib=system \

-dwith_pam=on \

-dcmake_install_prefix=/var/mysql/ \

-dinstall_plugindir="/var/mysql/lib/plugin" \

-ddefault_charset=utf8 \

-ddefault_collation=utf8_general_ci \

-dwith_editline=bundled \

-dfeature_set=community \

-dcompilation_comment="mysql server (gpl)" \

-dwith_debug=off \

-dwith_boost=..

安装

make && make install

修改配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/mysql/mysql.sock
port=3306
log_error=/var/mysql/log/error.log
basedir=/var/mysql/
[client]
socket=/var/mysql/mysql.sock
chown mysql.mysql /etc/my.cnf

创建日志文件

mkdir -p /var/mysql/log
touch /var/mysql/log/error.log
touch /var/mysql/mysql.sock
chown -r mysql.mysql /var/mysql/

1.4初始化

#/var/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

查看数据文件是否生成

#ll /var/lib/mysql

total 110628

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 aug 10 11:06 auto.cnf

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 417 aug 10 11:06 ib_buffer_pool

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 aug 10 11:06 ibdata1

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 aug 10 11:06 ib_logfile0

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 aug 10 11:06 ib_logfile1

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 aug 10 11:06 mysql

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 aug 10 11:06 performance_schema

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 aug 10 11:06 sys

查看日志文件是否生成

# ll /var/mysql/log

临时密码生成放在 error.log中

# cat /var/mysql/log/error.log

2019-11-18t09:06:22.922254z 0 [warning] timestamp with implicit default value is deprecated. please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2019-11-18t09:06:24.600401z 0 [warning] innodb: new log files created, lsn=45790

2019-11-18t09:06:24.853258z 0 [warning] innodb: creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2019-11-18t09:06:24.915246z 0 [warning] no existing uuid has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. generating a new uuid: 5dbf9eac-9c4a-11e8-8768-000c29a48522.

2019-11-18t09:06:24.916709z 0 [warning] gtid table is not ready to be used. table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2019-11-18t09:06:24.917772z 1 [note] a temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ns0+>rzwvhwl

1.5启动

修改初始密码、修改环境变量

从模板文件中复制启动文件：

cp /var/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改启动文件：

vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

找到如下二行：

basedir=

datadir=

修改为：

basedir=/var/mysql/
datadir=/var/lib/mysql

更改权限

#chown -r mysql.mysql /var/mysql /var/lib/mysql

启动

/etc/init.d/mysqld start
ln -s /var/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

配置mysql环境变量：

vim /root/.bash_profile

找到下面一行：

path=$path:$home/bin

修改为：

path=$path:$home/bin:/var/mysql/bin

利用上面生成的临时密码，登录

# mysql –u root –p ns0+>rzwvhwl

welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.

your mysql connection id is 6

server version: 5.7.23

oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its

affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

更改初始密码

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

二、安装zabbix server

2.1 安装php

安装php7.1版本，zabbix3.0版本要求php5.4及以上。

先查看本地php版本

php -v

检查当前php的安装包

yum list installed | grep php

将本地php安装包卸载干净

yum remove php*

默认的yum源无法升级php，需要添加第三方yum源，我们选择webtatic库

rpm -uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
rpm -uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

安装php7.1

yum install -y php71w

安装相关插件

yum install -y php71w-fpm php71w-opcache php71w-cli php71w-gd php71w-imap php71w-mysqlnd php71w-mbstring php71w-mcrypt php71w-pdo php71w-pecl-apcu php71w-pecl-mongodb php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pgsql php71w-xml php71w-xmlrpc php71w-devel mod_php71w php71w-ldap php71w-bcmath

修改php的配置参数

vim /etc/php.ini
date.timezone= asia/shanghai
max_execution_time = 300
post_max_size = 32m
memory_limit = 128m
mbstring.func_overload = 1
max_input_time = 300

session调整权限，

chmod -r 777 /var/lib/php/session/

2.2 安装zabbix

安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc* make curl curl-devel net-snmp net-snmp-devel perl-dbi httpd mariadb* mysql-devel libxml2-devel curl-devel unixodbc-devel net-snmp-devel openipmi-devel openldap openldap-devel libevent-develjava-devellibssh2-devel

创建zabbix用户和组

groupadd zabbix
useradd -g zabbix zabbix

编译、安装

tar zxvf zabbix-3.4.12.tar.gz
cd zabbix-3.4.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zabbix --enable-server --enable-proxy --enable-agent --enable-ipv6 --with-mysql --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl --with-openipmi --with-unixodbc --with-ldap --with-ssh2 --enable-java
make && make install
chown -r zabbix.zabbix /usr/local/zabbix

修改zabbix配置文件

vi /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_server.conf
logfile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
debuglevel=3
dbhost=192.168.75.251 #server和数据库分离的写法
dbname=zabbix
dbuser=zabbix
dbpassword=zabbix
dbsocket=/var/mysql/mysql.sock
dbport=3306
startpollers=10
timeout=4
alertscriptspath=/usr/local/zabbix/share/zabbix/alertscripts
logslowqueries=3000
cachesize=1024m

后期配置文件的参数，根据需求做调整。

把zabbix程序包中的几个sql文件传到上面的mysql服务器，导入数据库文件

[root@zabbix ~]# cd /opt/soft/zabbix-3.4.12/database/mysql
[root@zabbix mysql]# ll
total 4876
-rw-r--r--. 1 1001 1001 2877497 jul 30 19:41 data.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 1001 1001 1978341 jul 30 19:41 images.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 1001 1001 134791 jul 30 19:41 schema.sql
[root@zabbix mysql]# scp * root@192.168.75.251:/opt/

下面在mysql(192.168.75.251)服务器上操作

#mysql -u root –p

enter password:

创建zabbix数据库，字符集设置为utf8

mysql>create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;

在mysql数据库中创建zabbix用户，赋予zabbix用户对zabbix数据库的全部权限，允许zabbix服务器远程访问mysql

mysql>grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@192.168.75.250identified by 'zabbix';
mysql>grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>show databases ;
+--------------------+
| database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

导入数据文件，在控制台操作

#mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix <schema.sql
#mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix <images.sql
#mysql -u zabbix -p zabbix <data.sql

2.3zabbix web部署

回到zabbix server主机操作。在上面已经安装好httpd , 创建apache下创建zabbix目录

mkdir /var/www/html/zabbix

拷贝zabbix包中的web界面到apache zabbix目录下

\cp–rf /opt/soft/zabbix-3.4.12/frontends/php/* /var/www/html/zabbix/

配置web安全

chown -r apache.apache /var/www/html/zabbix
chmod a+x /var/www/html/zabbix/conf/

拷贝zabbix包中服务启动脚本(server/agentd)到linux系统服务启动目录

cp /opt/soft/zabbix-3.4.12/misc/init.d/fedora/core/zabbix_server zabbix_agentd/etc/init.d/

修改/etc/init.d/zabbix_server和/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd

basedir=/usr/local修改成
basedir=/usr/local/zabbix/

设置开机启动

systemctl enable httpd
systemctl enable zabbix_server
systemctl enable zabbix_agentd
/etc/init.d/zabbix_server start
/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd start
systemctl start httpd

2.4web服务初始化

连接数据库设置，写mysql服务器所在机器，端口，数据库名称，用户、密码

三、安装zabbix proxy

首先，在proxy机器上安装mysql ，跟上面的安装步骤一样，只是在导入mysql文件时，只导入一个文件，

#mysql–uzabbix –p zabbix <schema.sql

安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc* make curl curl-devel net-snmp net-snmp-devel perl-dbi httpd mariadb* mysql-devel libxml2-devel curl-devel unixodbc-devel net-snmp-devel openipmi-devel openldap openldap-devel libevent-develjava-devellibssh2-devel

创建zabbix用户和组

groupadd zabbix
useradd -g zabbix zabbix

编译、安装

tar zxvf zabbix-3.4.12.tar.gz
cd zabbix-3.4.12/
./configure --prefix=/opt/server/zabbix_proxy--enable-proxy --enable-agent --enable-ipv6 --with-mysql --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl --with-openipmi --with-unixodbc --with-ldap --with-ssh2 --enable-java
make && make install
chown -r zabbix.zabbix /opt/server/zabbix_proxy

配置文件修改

vi /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_proxy.conf
server=192.168.75.250
serverport=10051
hostname=zabbix_proxy
logfile=/tmp/zabbix_proxy.log
dbhost=localhost#因为mysql和proxy安装在同一台机器
dbname=zabbix
dbuser=zabbix
dbpassword=zabbix
dbsocket=/var/mysql/mysql.sock
configfrequency=60
datasenderfrequency=60
startpollers=5
timeout=4
logslowqueries=3000

启动proxy(要加入到开机自启)

#/opt/server/zabbix_proxy/sbin/zabbix_proxy-c /opt/server/zabbix_proxy/etc/zabbix_proxy.conf
systemctl enable zabbix_proxy

四、启动zabbix_agentd客户端

同上，编译安装zabbix时，客户端也一起编译了，把/usr/local 下面的zabbix目录拷贝到客户端，

修改配置文件

vi /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
server=zabbix_proxy_ip #建议所以客户端都挂在proxy上，扩展性强
hostname=zabbix_agentd_hostname #填写客户端的主机名

启动(要加入到开机自启)

/usr/local/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_agentd-c /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
echo "/usr/local/agent/sbin/zabbix_agentd -c /usr/local/agent/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf" >> /etc/rc.local

五、web管理

添加监控主机