夷陵中学彭春阳,结婚检查,重庆花样年华聊天室
先来看一下最终的效果吧
开始聊天,输入消息并点击发送消息就可以开始聊天了
点击 “获取后端数据”开启实时推送
channels是一个采用django并将其功能扩展到http以外的项目,以处理websocket,聊天协议,iot协议等。它基于称为的python规范构建。
它以django的核心为基础,并在其下面分层了一个完全异步的层,以同步模式运行django本身,但异步处理了连接和套接字,并提供了以两种方式编写的选择,从而实现了这一点。
详情请参考官方文档:
asgi 由 django 团队提出,为了解决在一个网络框架里(如 django)同时处理 http、http2、websocket 协议。为此,django 团队开发了 django channels 插件,为 django 带来了 asgi 能力。
在 asgi 中,将一个网络请求划分成三个处理层面,最前面的一层,interface server(协议处理服务器),负责对请求协议进行解析,并将不同的协议分发到不同的 channel(频道);频道属于第二层,通常可以是一个队列系统。频道绑定了第三层的 consumer(消费者)。
详情请参考官方文档:
下边来说一下具体的实现步骤
转载请注明原文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/sunzz/p/12788608.html
pip3 install channels pip3 install channels_redis
django-admin startproject mysite
python3 manage.py startapp chat
mysite/settings.py
文件#注册应用 installed_apps = [ .... 'chat.apps.chatconfig', "channels", ]
# 在文件尾部新增如下配置
#将asgi_application设置设置为指向该路由对象作为您的根应用程序: asgi_application = 'mysite.routing.application' #配置redis channel_layers = { 'default': { 'backend': 'channels_redis.core.redischannellayer', 'config': { "hosts": [('10.0.6.29', 6379)], }, }, }
在chat
目录中创建一个templates目录。在您刚刚创建的templates 目录中,创建另一个名为的目录 chat
,并在其中创建一个名为的文件以保存索引视图的模板
将以下代码放入chat/templates/chat/
<!-- chat/templates/chat/ --> <!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>chat rooms</title> </head> <body> what chat room would you like to enter?<br> <input id="room-name-input" type="text" size="100"><br> <input id="room-name-submit" type="button" value="enter"> <script> document.queryselector('#room-name-input').focus(); document.queryselector('#room-name-input').onkeyup = function(e) { if (e.keycode === 13) { // enter, return document.queryselector('#room-name-submit').click(); } }; document.queryselector('#room-name-submit').onclick = function(e) { var roomname = document.queryselector('#room-name-input').value; window.location.pathname = '/chat/' + roomname + '/'; }; </script> </body> </html>
chat/templates/chat/room.html
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.0/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>chat room</title> </head> <body> <textarea id="chat-log" cols="150" rows="30" class="text"></textarea><br> <input id="chat-message-input" type="text" size="150"><br> <input id="chat-message-submit" type="button" value="发送消息" class="input-sm"> <button id="get_data" class="btn btn-success">获取后端数据</button> {{ room_name|json_script:"room-name" }} <script> $("#get_data").click(function () { $.ajax({ url: "{% url 'push' %}", type: "get", data: { "room": "{{ room_name }}", "csrfmiddlewaretoken": "{{ csrf_token }}" }, }) }); const roomname = json.parse(document.getelementbyid('room-name').textcontent); const chatsocket = new websocket( 'ws://' + window.location.host + '/ws/chat/' + roomname + '/' ); let chatsocketa = new websocket( "ws://" + window.location.host + "/ws/push/" + roomname ); chatsocket.onmessage = function (e) { const data = json.parse(e.data); // data 为收到后端发来的数据 //console.log(data); document.queryselector('#chat-log').value += (data.message + '\n'); }; chatsocketa.onmessage = function (e) { let data = json.parse(e.data); //let message = data["message"]; document.queryselector("#chat-log").value += (data.message + "\n"); }; chatsocket.onclose = function (e) { console.error('chat socket closed unexpectedly'); }; chatsocketa.onclose = function (e) { console.error("chat socket closed unexpectedly"); }; document.queryselector('#chat-message-input').focus(); document.queryselector('#chat-message-input').onkeyup = function (e) { if (e.keycode === 13) { // enter, return document.queryselector('#chat-message-submit').click(); } }; document.queryselector('#chat-message-submit').onclick = function (e) { const messageinputdom = document.queryselector('#chat-message-input'); const message = messageinputdom.value; chatsocket.send(json.stringify({ 'message': message })); messageinputdom.value = ''; }; </script> </body> </html>
将以下代码放入chat/views.py
# chat/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import jsonresponse from channels.layers import get_channel_layer from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync def index(request): return render(request, "chat/") def room(request, room_name): return render(request, "chat/room.html", {"room_name": room_name}) def pushredis(request): room = request.get.get("room") print(room) def push(msg): channel_layer = get_channel_layer() async_to_sync(channel_layer.group_send)( room, {"type": "push.message", "message": msg, "room_name": room} ) push("推送测试", ) return jsonresponse({"1": 1})
在chat目录下创建一个名为的文件urls.py
# mysite/chat/urls.py from django.urls import path from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.index, name='index'),
path('<str:room_name>/', views.room, name='room'),
]
# mysite/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include from chat.views import pushredis urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path("chat/", include("chat.urls")), path("push", pushredis, name="push"), ]
文件chat/consumers.py
当django接受http请求时,它会查询根urlconf来查找视图函数,然后调用该视图函数来处理该请求。同样,当channels接受websocket连接时,它会查询根路由配置以查找使用者,然后在使用者上调用各种功能来处理来自连接的事件。
import time import json from channels.generic.websocket import websocketconsumer, asyncwebsocketconsumer from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync import redis pool = redis.connectionpool( host="10.0.6.29", port=6379, max_connections=10, decode_response=true, ) conn = redis.redis(connection_pool=pool, decode_responses=true) class chatconsumer(asyncwebsocketconsumer): async def connect(self, ): self.room_name = self.scope["url_route"]["kwargs"]["room_name"] self.room_group_name = "chat_%s" % self.room_name await self.channel_layer.group_add( self.room_group_name, self.channel_name, ) await self.accept() async def disconnect(self, close_code): print("close_code: ", close_code) await self.channel_layer.group_discard( self.room_group_name, self.channel_name ) async def receive(self, text_data=none, bytes_data=none): text_data_json = json.loads(text_data) message = text_data_json["message"] print("receive_message:", message) await self.channel_layer.group_send( self.room_group_name, { "type": "chat_message", "message": message } ) async def chat_message(self, event): receive_message = event["message"] response_message = "you message is :" + receive_message await self.send(text_data=json.dumps({ "message": response_message })) class pushmessage(websocketconsumer): def connect(self): self.room_group_name = self.scope["url_route"]["kwargs"]["room_name"] async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)( self.room_group_name, self.channel_name ) self.accept() def disconnect(self, code): async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)( self.room_group_name, self.channel_name ) def push_message(self, event): """ 主动推送 :param event: :return: """ print(event, type(event)) while true: time.sleep(2) msg = time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s") + "--- room_name: %s" % event["room_name"] self.send(text_data=json.dumps( {"message": msg} ))
在chat目录下创建一个名为的文件routing.py
# mysite/chat/routing.py from django.urls import re_path, path from . import consumers websocket_urlpatterns = [ re_path(r"ws/chat/(?p<room_name>\w+)/$", consumers.chatconsumer), path("ws/push/<room_name>", consumers.pushmessage), ]
与setting同级目录新建ws根路由文件 routing.py
from channels.routing import protocoltyperouter, urlrouter from channels.auth import authmiddlewarestack import chat.routing application = protocoltyperouter({ "websocket": authmiddlewarestack( urlrouter( chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns ) ), })
python3 manage.py runserver 10.0.6.2:80
注意看,这和django是不一样的
还有另一种更稳健的启动方式
和setting同级新增文件 asgi.py
import os import django from channels.routing import get_default_application os.environ.setdefault("django_settings_module", "mysite.settings") django.setup() application = get_default_application()
启动方式为:
daphne -b 10.0.6.2 -p 80 mysite.asgi:application
daphne 在安装channel时已经自动安装好了
参考:
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