Android开发中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息

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Android开发中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息。在Android中定位是属于危险权限，需要在添加Mainfest.xml中添加。

如果在Android6.0级以上系统，需要动态的申请权限，也可以使用封装好权限管理库。

---

定位的几种方式

在Android系统当中，给我们提供了四种定位方式，分别是：

•  network

  它是依靠信号塔或WiFi来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER，是一种低精度，低耗电的初略定位方式。

• gps

  它是依靠GPS来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER，是高精度，高耗电的精准定位方式。

• passive

  被动的获取定位信息，通过接受其他APP或service的定位信息。不过需要这个权限ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION。

  fused

• Google已经将这个定位方式hide了。

  ---

  获取定位的api封装

  public class LocationUtils {
  
      private static final long REFRESH_TIME = 5000L;
      private static final float METER_POSITION = 0.0f;
      private static ILocationListener mLocationListener;
      private static LocationListener listener = new MyLocationListener();
  
      private static class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener {
          @Override
          public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {//定位改变监听
              if (mLocationListener != null) {
                  mLocationListener.onSuccessLocation(location);
              }
          }
  
          @Override
          public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {//定位状态监听
  
          }
  
          @Override
          public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {//定位状态可用监听
  
          }
  
          @Override
          public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {//定位状态不可用监听
  
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * GPS获取定位方式
       */
      public static Location getGPSLocation(@NonNull Context context) {
          Location location = null;
          LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
          //高版本的权限检查
          if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
              return null;
          }
          if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持GPS定位
              //获取最后的GPS定位信息，如果是第一次打开，一般会拿不到定位信息，一般可以请求监听，在有效的时间范围可以获取定位信息
              location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
          }
          return location;
      }
  
      /**
       * network获取定位方式
       */
      public static Location getNetWorkLocation(Context context) {
          Location location = null;
          LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
          //高版本的权限检查
          if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
              return null;
          }
          if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持Network定位
              //获取最后的network定位信息
              location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
          }
          return location;
      }
  
      /**
       * 获取最好的定位方式
       */
      public static Location getBestLocation(Context context, Criteria criteria) {
          Location location;
          LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
          if (criteria == null) {
              criteria = new Criteria();
          }
          String provider = manager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
          if (TextUtils.isEmpty(provider)) {
              //如果找不到最适合的定位，使用network定位
              location = getNetWorkLocation(context);
          } else {
              //高版本的权限检查
              if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                      && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                  return null;
              }
              //获取最适合的定位方式的最后的定位权限
              location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
          }
          return location;
      }
  
      /**
       * 定位监听
       */
      public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, ILocationListener locationListener) {
  
          addLocationListener(context, provider, REFRESH_TIME, METER_POSITION, locationListener);
      }
  
      /**
       * 定位监听
       */
      public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, long time, float meter, ILocationListener locationListener) {
          if (locationListener != null) {
              mLocationListener = locationListener;
          }
          if (listener == null) {
              listener = new MyLocationListener();
          }
          LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
          if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                  && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
              return;
          }
          manager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, time, meter, listener);
      }
  
      /**
       * 取消定位监听
       */
      public static void unRegisterListener(Context context) {
          if (listener != null) {
              LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
              if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                      && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                  return;
              }
              //移除定位监听
              manager.removeUpdates(listener);
          }
      }
  
      private static LocationManager getLocationManager(@NonNull Context context) {
          return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
      }
  
      /**
       * 自定义接口
       */
      public interface ILocationListener {
          void onSuccessLocation(Location location);
      }
  }
  

  ---

  获取定位使用实例

  public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
  
      private boolean flag;
      private Button gsp_btn;
      private Button network_btn;
      private Button best_btn;
      private static Context context;
  
      @Override
      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
          context = getApplicationContext();
  
          initView();
          initListener();
      }
  
      private void initListener() {
          gsp_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
          network_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
          best_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void onResume() {
          super.onResume();
          initPermission();//针对6.0以上版本做权限适配
      }
  
      private void initView() {
          gsp_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.gps);
          network_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.net);
          best_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.best);
      }
  
      private void initPermission() {
          if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
              //检查权限
              if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                      || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                  //请求权限
                  ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);
              } else {
                  flag = true;
              }
          } else {
              flag = true;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * 权限的结果回调函数
       */
      @Override
      public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
          super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
          if (requestCode == 1) {
              flag = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
          }
      }
  
      @Override
      public void onClick(View v) {
          switch (v.getId()) {
              case R.id.gps:
                  if (flag) {
                      getGPSLocation();
                  } else {
                      Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                  }
                  break;
              case R.id.net:
                  if (flag) {
                      getNetworkLocation();
                  } else {
                      Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                  }
                  break;
              case R.id.best:
                  if (flag) {
                      getBestLocation();
                  } else {
                      Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                  }
                  break;
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * 通过GPS获取定位信息
       */
      public void getGPSLocation() {
          Location gps = LocationUtils.getGPSLocation(this);
          if (gps == null) {
              //设置定位监听，因为GPS定位，第一次进来可能获取不到，通过设置监听，可以在有效的时间范围内获取定位信息
              LocationUtils.addLocationListener(context, LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, new LocationUtils.ILocationListener() {
                  @Override
                  public void onSuccessLocation(Location location) {
                      if (location != null) {
                          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps onSuccessLocation location:  lat==" + location.getLatitude() + "     lng==" + location.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                      } else {
                          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                      }
                  }
              });
          } else {
              Toast.makeText(this, "gps location: lat==" + gps.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + gps.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * 通过网络等获取定位信息
       */
      private void getNetworkLocation() {
          Location net = LocationUtils.getNetWorkLocation(this);
          if (net == null) {
              Toast.makeText(this, "net location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          } else {
              Toast.makeText(this, "network location: lat==" + net.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + net.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * 采用最好的方式获取定位信息
       */
      private void getBestLocation() {
          Criteria c = new Criteria();//Criteria类是设置定位的标准信息（系统会根据你的要求，匹配最适合你的定位供应商），一个定位的辅助信息的类
          c.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//设置低耗电
          c.setAltitudeRequired(true);//设置需要海拔
          c.setBearingAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);//设置COARSE精度标准
          c.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_LOW);//设置低精度
          //... Criteria 还有其他属性，就不一一介绍了
          Location best = LocationUtils.getBestLocation(this, c);
          if (best == null) {
              Toast.makeText(this, " best location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          } else {
              Toast.makeText(this, "best location: lat==" + best.getLatitude() + " lng==" + best.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }
      }
  
  }
  

  关于GPS定位的信息还有比较多的内容，在API24中GpsStauts类过时，使用GnssStatus类替换，同时在LocationManager中的一些GPS状态的监听，也被新的API退换。 

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