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1)网站架构组成介绍
LNMP：
L:Linux N:Nginx M:MySQL P:PHP
Nginx/Apache:需要重点阐述一下，它多用于网站用户访问，用HTML代码语言，在用户和网站中间起到起到桥梁的作用(网络服务搬运工)，作为中间件发挥着不可提代的作用
Nginx/Apache通常可以直接识别静态资源文件(比如CSS(定义网页样式，排版),Js),也可以对动态资源文件(比如PHP,JAVA,Python,go)可以提供动态代码解析服务
2)网站架构工作原理
①用户发出网站服务请求
②服务端接收请求，并判断资源信息
a.静态信息:由nginx静态网站服务进行处理，将站点目录中资源信息进行传输
b.动态信息:nginx利用fastcgi接口转发给PHP服务
③PHP服务收到动态资源请求
方式一:直接识别动态代码文件,进行翻译或者解析,转换成HTML代码信息
方式二:和数据库建立连接,读取或存储数据信息,再将PHP代码转换成HTML代码进行响应
④nginx服务收到PHP响应HTML静态资源代码信息,再转发给浏览器
⑤客户端浏览器识别HTML信息,加载显示网站页面
3)服务部署过程
Linux中:
/tmp/目录权限是1(t)777
系统安全优化:yum优化
Nginx中：
确定Nginx站点目录权限信息，属主权限设置好
确认好Nginx配置信息，Nginx -t
4)PHP部署过程
第一个历程：确认系统是否已经存在了PHP相关程序
rpm -qa|grep php*
yum remove -y php-xxx(直接从第二历程开始演示)
第二个历程：更新PHP软件下载源
rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
[root@test-201 ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@test-201 ~]# yum install -y php71w php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-embedded php71w-gd php71w-mcryp
第三个历程：PHP程序相关软件下载安装
yum install -y php71w php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-embedded php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-xml php71w-fpm php71w-mysqlnd php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-memcached php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-mongodb
[root@test-201 ~]# yum install -y php71w php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-embedded php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-xml php71w-fpm php71w-mysqlnd php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-memcached php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-mongodb
PS：PHP编译安装过程（由于我yum安装，编译安装忽略）
https://www.cnblogs.com/ksy-c/p/12785238.html
第四个历程：启动PHP程序服务
systemctl start php-fpm
确认服务是否启动：
1）查看服务进程信息 ps -ef|grep php
2）查看服务端口信息 netstat -lntup
[root@test-201 ~]# ps -ef|grep php
root 79315 1 0 10:04 ? 00:00:01 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
apache 79316 79315 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 79317 79315 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 79318 79315 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 79319 79315 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 79320 79315 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 79738 79697 0 16:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
[root@test-201 ~]# netstat -lntup
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 79315/php-fpm: mast
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8400/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 76968/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7127/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7207/master
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 7127/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 7207/master
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 6284/chronyd
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 6284/chronyd
TCP：传输控制协议 面向连接网络协议（可以保证数据传输可靠性） 用途：HTTP访问网站页面 FTP 邮件服务
UDP：用户报文协议 无连接网络协议 （可以保证数据传输效率） 用途：DNS解析 视频通讯 语言通讯
-l 列表显示端口和服务进程信息
-n 以数字方式显示信息
-t 显示tcp信息的端口和服务进程信息
-u 显示udp信息的端口和服务进程信息
-p 显示服务进程信息
MySQL部署安装：简单方便 -- mariadb
Mysql==mariadb
第一个历程：安装程序软件
yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
[root@test-201 ~]#yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
第二个历程：启动数据库程序并简单配置
systemctl start mariadb
mysqladmin -uroot password "oldboy123" --- 设置密码信息
drop database test; --- 删除无用数据库
delete from user where user=""; --- 删除无用数据库用户信息
[root@test-201 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@test-201 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@test-201 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password "oldboy123"
[root@test-201 ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 16
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [test]> drop databse test;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'databse test' at line 1
MariaDB [test]> drop database test;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.35 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | test-201 |
| root | test-201 |
+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.05 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> delete from user where user="";
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.18 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> delete from user where host="::1";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
| root | test-201 |
+------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> delete from user where host="test-201";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
5）需要将LNMP架构进行串联
nginx 和 php进行串联
第一个历程：让nginx和php建立关系
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name bbs.oldboy.com;
root /html/bbs;
index index.php ;
location ~ \.php$ { --- 匹配客户端访问php动态资源信息
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; --- 将动态资源请求抛送给后端PHP程序
root /html/bbs; --- 告知PHP程序，默认资源信息保存目录
fastcgi_index index.php; --- 在PHP收到Nginx发送消息后，没有特殊指定动态资源文件，默认处理index.php首页文件
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; --- 可以精准告知PHP需要处理文件路径信息
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
第二个历程：进行测试验证
在站点目录中，创建php动态代码文件
502 表示前段服务正常 nginx 但是后端服务不能接受前端服务请求
php 和 数据库进行串联 -- 利用php代码进行串联
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "oldboy123";
//$link_id=mysql_connect('主机名','用户','密码');
//mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h 主机
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
if ($conn) {
echo "mysql successful by root !\n";
}else{
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
?>
演示：
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cd /html/bbs
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# vim test.php
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# vim test.php
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# ll /tmp/ -d
drwxrwxrwt. 12 root root 4096 Sep 29 11:30 /tmp/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] directive "location" has no opening "{" in /etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.conf:7
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# vi bbs.conf
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# vi bbs.conf
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cd /html/bbs/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# ls
index.html test.php
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# cat test.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cat bbs.conf
server {
listen 80; #指定服务监听端口信息 用于接收用户访问请求
server_name bbs.oldboy.com; #指定网站域名信息
root /html/bbs; #指定服务站点目录
index index.php index.html; #指定首页文件信息 会进行默认加载
location ~ \.php$ { #匹配客户端访问php动态资源信息
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #将动态资源请求抛送给后端PHP程序
root /html/bbs; #告知PHP程序，默认资源信息保存目录
fastcgi_index index.php; #在PHP收到Nginx发送消息后，没有特殊指定动态资源文件，默认处理index.php首页文件
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; #可以精准告知PHP需要处理文件路径信息
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]#
第二个历程：进行测试验证
在站点目录中，创建php动态代码文件
502 表示前段服务正常 nginx 但是后端服务不能接受前端服务请求
php 和 数据库进行串联 -- 利用php代码进行串联
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "oldboy123";
//$link_id=mysql_connect('主机名','用户','密码');
//mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h 主机
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
if ($conn) {
echo "mysql successful by root !\n";
}else{
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
?>
演示：
[root@test-201 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cd /html/bbs/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# cat test.php
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# vim test_mysql.php
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# cat test_mysql.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "oldboy123";
//$link_id=mysql_connect('主机名','用户','密码');
//mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h 主机
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
if ($conn) {
echo "mysql successful by root !\n";
}else{
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
?>i
6）企业动态资源发布过程
第一个历程：获取网站动态资源代码 上传解压
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8【20200818】.zip
第二个历程：进行网站初始化过程 （开源）
环境检查过程 需求进行指定目录授权 chown
创建库和用户过程 创库sql 授权sql
[root@test-201 /html/bbs]# cd upload/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.conf
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.conf
server {
listen 80; #指定服务监听端口信息 用于接收用户访问请求
server_name bbs.oldboy.com; #指定网站域名信息
root /html/bbs/upload; #指定服务站点目录
index index.php index.html; #指定首页文件信息 会进行默认加载
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
root /html/bbs/upload;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# systemctl restart nginx
选择我同意
修改允许上传文件最大值
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# vi /etc/php.ini
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# systemctl restart php-fpm
修改目录文件属主权限
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# ll config/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 90 Aug 18 23:35 config/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# chown -R apache.apache config/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# ll config/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache apache 10028 Aug 18 23:36 config_global_default.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache apache 1663 Aug 18 23:36 config_ucenter_default.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache apache 1 Aug 18 23:36 index.htm
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 80326 1 0 20:03 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
apache 80327 80326 0 20:03 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 80329 78844 0 20:04 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# chown -R apache.apache data/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# chown -R apache.apache uc_server/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# chown -R apache.apache uc_client/
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]#
其中 vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf修改的内容为：
然后点击下一步
创建bbs数据库,用户,密码
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 28
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database bbs;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbs'@'localhost' identified by 'oldboy123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| bbs | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *FE28814B4A8B3309DAC6ED7D3237ADED6DA1E515 |
| bbs | localhost | *FE28814B4A8B3309DAC6ED7D3237ADED6DA1E515 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@test-201 /html/bbs/upload]# mysql -ubbs -poldboy123;
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 29
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
第三个历程：测试访问看看
测试能不能发帖
发布成功,奈斯！
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