下面我来总结一下protocol buffer语言和TCP/SIP/UDP的三种协议的说明:
protocol buffer：
1.概览
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message SearchRequest
{
required string query = 1;
optional int32 page_number = 2;// Which page number do we want?
optional int32 result_per_page = 3;// Number of results to return per page.
}
repeated int32 samples = 4 [packed=true];
optional int32 result_per_page = 3 [default = 10];
message SearchRequest
{
required string query = 1;
optional int32 page_number = 2;
optional int32 result_per_page = 3 [default = 10];
enum Corpus
{
UNIVERSAL = 0;
WEB = 1;
IMAGES = 2;
LOCAL = 3;
NEWS = 4;
PRODUCTS = 5;
VIDEO = 6;
}
optional Corpus corpus = 4 [default = UNIVERSAL];
}
message Result
{
required string url = 1;
optional string title = 2;
repeated string snippets = 3;
}
message SearchResponse
{
repeated Result result = 1;
}
import "myproject/other_protos.proto";
message SearchResponse
{
message Result
{
required string url = 1;
optional string title = 2;
repeated string snippets = 3;
}
repeated Result result = 1;
}
message SomeOtherMessage
{
optional SearchResponse.Result result = 1;
}
message Foo
{
// ...
extensions 100 to 199;
}
extend Foo
{
optional int32 bar = 126;
}
在访问extend中定义的字段和,使用的接口和一般定义的有点不一样,例如set方法:
Foo foo;
foo.SetExtension(bar, 15);
option optimize_for = CODE_SIZE;
// test.proto
message PBStudent
{
optional uint32 StudentID = 1;
optional string Name = 2;
optional uint32 Score = 3;
}
message PBMathScore
{
optional uint32 ClassID = 1;
repeated PBStudent ScoreInf = 2;
}
public:
PBStudent();
virtual ~PBStudent();
PBStudent(const PBStudent& from);
inline PBStudent& operator=(const PBStudent& from) {
CopyFrom(from);
return *this;
}
inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
return _unknown_fields_;
}
inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
return &_unknown_fields_;
}
static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
static const PBStudent& default_instance();
void Swap(PBStudent* other);
PBStudent* New() const;
void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
void CopyFrom(const PBStudent& from);
void MergeFrom(const PBStudent& from);
void Clear();
bool IsInitialized() const;
int ByteSize() const;
bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
private:
void SharedCtor();
void SharedDtor();
void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
// optional uint32 StudentID = 1; inline bool has_studentid() const; inline void clear_studentid(); static const int kStudentIDFieldNumber = 1; inline ::google::protobuf::uint32 studentid() const; inline void set_studentid(::google::protobuf::uint32 value); // optional string Name = 2; inline bool has_name() const; inline void clear_name(); static const int kNameFieldNumber = 2; inline const ::std::string& name() const; inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value); inline void set_name(const char* value); inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size); inline ::std::string* mutable_name(); inline ::std::string* release_name(); inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name); // optional uint32 Score = 3; inline bool has_score() const; inline void clear_score(); static const int kScoreFieldNumber = 3; inline ::google::protobuf::uint32 score() const; inline void set_score(::google::protobuf::uint32 value);
// test.h
class CStudent
{
public:
unsigned mStudentID;
unsigned mScore;
string mName;
CStudent()
{
Init();
}
inline void Init()
{
mStudentID = 0;
mScore = 0;
mName = "";
}
}
class CMathScore
{
private:
unsigned mClassID;
CStudent mScoreInf[100];
public:
CMathSCore()
{
Init();
}
~CMathScore() {};
void Init();
void SetFromPB(const PBMathScore* pPB);
void CreatePB(PBMathScore* pPB);
// Get & Set mClassID
...
// Get & set mScoreInf
...
// some other function
...
}
// test.cpp
void CMathScore::Init()
{
mClassID = 0;
memset(mScoreInf, 0, sizeof(mScoreInf));
}
void CMathScore::SetFromPB(const PBMathScore* pPB)
{
if ( NULL == pPB ) return;
mClassID = pPB->classid();
for(unsigned i = 0; i < (unsigned)pPB->scoreinf_size() && i < 100; ++i)
{
PBStudent* pStu = pPB->mutable_scoreinf(i);
mScoreInf[i].mStudentID = pStu->studentid();
mScoreInf[i].mScore = pStu->score();
mScoreInf[i].mName = pStu->name();
}
}
void CMathScore::CreatePB(PBMathScore* pPB)
{
if ( NULL == pPB ) return;
pPB->set_classid(mClassID);
for(unsigned i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
{
PBStudent* pStu = pPB->add_scoreinf();
pStu->set_studentid(mScoreInf[i].mStudentID)
pStu->set_score(mScoreInf[i].mScore);
pStu->set_name(mScoreInf[i].mName);
}
}
// use.cpp
#include
#defind MAX_BUFFER 1024 * 1024
int write()
{
CMathScore mMath;
PBMathScore mPBMath;
// use set functions to init member variable
fstream fstm("./math.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);
if ( fstm.is_open() == false )
{
return -1;
}
char* tpBuffer = (char*)malloc(MAX_BUFFER);
if ( NULL == tpBuffer )
{
return -2;
}
mMath.CreatePB(&mPBMath);
if ( mPBMath.SerializeToArray(tpBuffer, mPBMath.ByteSize()) == false )
{
return -3;
}
fstm.write(tpBuffer, mPBMath.ByteSize());
free(tpBuffer);
fstm.close();
return 0;
}
int read()
{
CMathScore mMath;
PBMathScore mPBMath;
fstream fstm.open("./math.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);
if ( fstm.is_open() == false )
{
return -1;
}
char* tpBuffer = (char*)malloc(MAX_BUFFER);
if ( NULL == tpBuffer )
{
return -2;
}
char* tpIdx = tpBuffer;
int tLen;
while ( !fstm.eof() && tLen < MAX_BUFFER )
{
fstm.read(tpIdx, 1);
tpIdx += 1;
tLen++;
}
if ( mPBMath.ParseFromArray(tpBuffer, tLen - 1) == false )
{
return -3;
}
fstm.close();
free(tpBuffer);
tpIdx = NULL;
mMath.SetFromPB(&mPBMath);
// do some thing
return 0;
}
TCP:
TCP是面向连接的通信协议，通过三次握手建立连接，通讯完成时要拆除连接，由于TCP是面向连接的所以只能用于端到端的通讯。
SIP:
SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)是一个应用层的信令控制协议。用于创建、修改和释放一个或多个参与者的会话。这些会话可以是Internet多媒体会议[3] 、IP电话或多媒体分发。会话的参与者可以通过组播（multicast）、网状单播（unicast）或两者的混合体进行通信。
UDP:
UDP是面向无连接的通讯协议，UDP数据包括目的端口号和源端口号信息，由于通讯不需要连接，所以可以实现广播发送。
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