一种 Android 应用内全局获取 Context 实例的装置

/*
 * 全局获取Context实例的静态方法。
 */
public static class Foo {

    private static sContext;

    public static Context getContext() {
        return sContext;
    }

    public static void setContext(Context context) {
        sContext = context;
    }
}

/*
 * 全局获取Context实例的静态方法（改进版）。
 */
public static class FooApplication extends Application {

    private static sContext;

    public  FooApplication() {
        sContext = this;
    }

    public static Context getContext() {
        return sContext;
    }
}

/*
 * 全局获取Context实例的静态方法（改进版之再改进）。
 */
public static class FooApplication extends BaseApplication {
    ...
}


/*
 * 基础库里面
 */
public static class BaseApplication extends Application {

    private static sContext;

    public  BaseApplication() {
        sContext = this;
    }

    public static Context getContext() {
        return sContext;
    }
}

public class ContextWrapper extends Context {

    protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        if (mBase != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Base context already set");
        }
        mBase = base;
    }
}

public class Application extends ContextWrapper {
    final void attach(Context context) {
        attachBaseContext(context);
        mLoadedApk = ContextImpl.getImpl(context).mPackageInfo;
    }
}

/**
 * Base class for implementing application instrumentation code.  When running
 * with instrumentation turned on, this class will be instantiated for you
 * before any of the application code, allowing you to monitor all of the
 * interaction the system has with the application.  An Instrumentation
 * implementation is described to the system through an AndroidManifest.xml's
 * .
 */
public class Instrumentation {
    static public Application newApplication(Class clazz, Context context)
            throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
            ClassNotFoundException {
        Application app = (Application)clazz.newInstance();
        app.attach(context);
        return app;
    }
}

/**
 * Local state maintained about a currently loaded .apk.
 * @hide
 */
public final class LoadedApk {
    public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
        if (mApplication != null) {
            return mApplication;
        }

        Application app = null;

        String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
        if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
            appClass = "android.app.Application";
        }

        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
            if (!mPackageName.equals("android")) {
                Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER,
                        "initializeJavaContextClassLoader");
                initializeJavaContextClassLoader();
                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            }
            // Context 实例创建的地方，可以看出Context实例是一个ContextImpl。
            ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
            app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
            appContext.setOuterContext(app);
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }

        ...

        return app;
    }
}

/**
 * This manages the execution of the main thread in an
 * application process, scheduling and executing activities,
 * broadcasts, and other operations on it as the activity
 * manager requests.
 */
public final class ActivityThread {
    private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        ...
        ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
        ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
        Activity activity = null;

        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
            activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
            StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
            r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
            r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
            if (r.state != null) {
                r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to instantiate activity " + component
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }

        try {
            // 创建Application实例。
            Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
            if (activity != null) {
                ...
            }
            r.paused = true;
            mActivities.put(r.token, r);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to start activity " + component
                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }
        return activity;
    }
}

public final class ActivityThread {
    private void attach(boolean system) {
        sCurrentActivityThread = this;
        mSystemThread = system;
        if (!system) {
            ...
        } else {
            // Don't set application object here -- if the system crashes,
            // we can't display an alert, we just want to die die die.
            android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("system_process",
                    UserHandle.myUserId());
            try {
                mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
                ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(
                        this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
                mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
                mInitialApplication.onCreate();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to instantiate Application():" + e.toString(), e);
            }
        }
        ...
    }

    public static ActivityThread systemMain() {
        ...
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(true);
        return thread;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ...
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);
        ...
    }
}

public final class ActivityThread {
    private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
        ...
        try {
            Application app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);
            mInitialApplication = app;

            try {
                mInstrumentation.onCreate(data.instrumentationArgs);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Exception thrown in onCreate() of "
                    + data.instrumentationName + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }

            try {
                mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (!mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
                        + ": " + e.toString(), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

public final class ActivityThread {
    public final void bindApplication(String processName, ApplicationInfo appInfo,
                List providers, ComponentName instrumentationName,
                ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle instrumentationArgs,
                IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
                IUiAutomationConnection instrumentationUiConnection, int debugMode,
                boolean enableBinderTracking, boolean trackAllocation,
                boolean isRestrictedBackupMode, boolean persistent, Configuration config,
                CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, Map services, Bundle coreSettings) {
            ...
            sendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
    }

    private class H extends Handler {
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                ...
                case BIND_APPLICATION:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "bindApplication");
                    AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
                    handleBindApplication(data);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
                case EXIT_APPLICATION:
                    if (mInitialApplication != null) {
                        mInitialApplication.onTerminate();
                    }
                    Looper.myLooper().quit();
                    break;
                ...
            }
        }
    }
}

public class Applications {
    @NonNull
    public static Application context() {
        return CURRENT;
    }

    @SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak")
    private static final Application CURRENT;

    static {
        try {
            Object activityThread = getActivityThread();
            Object app = activityThread.getClass().getMethod("getApplication").invoke(activityThread);
            CURRENT = (Application) app;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Can not access Application context by magic code, boom!", e);
        }
    }

    private static Object getActivityThread() {
        Object activityThread = null;
        try {
            Method method = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread").getMethod("currentActivityThread");
            method.setAccessible(true);
            activityThread = method.invoke(null);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            Log.w(TAG, e);
        }
        return activityThread;
    }
}

// 测试代码
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ApplicationTest {
    public static final String TAG = "ApplicationTest";

    @Test
    public void testGetGlobalContext() {
        Application context = Applications.context();
        Assert.assertNotNull(context);
        Log.i(TAG, String.valueOf(context));
        // MyApplication是项目的自定义Application类
        Assert.assertTrue(context instanceof MyApplication);
    }
}

public final class ActivityThread {
    public static ActivityThread currentActivityThread() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }

    private void attach(boolean system) {
        sThreadLocal.set(this);
        ...
    }
}