1. hbase命令

1.1. 命令的登录与退出

1 1.1.    命令的登录与退出
2 [yun@mini03 ~]$ hbase shell  # 登录hbase
3 slf4j: class path contains multiple slf4j bindings.
4 ………………
5 version 2.0.0, r7483b111e4da77adbfc8062b3b22cbe7c2cb91c1, sun apr 22 20:26:55 pdt 2018
6 took 0.0126 seconds
7 hbase(main):001:0> quit   # 退出hbase
8 [yun@mini03 ~]$

1.2. 常用命令

名称	命令表达式
创建表	create '表名', '列族名1','列族名2','列族名n'
查看所有表	list
描述表	describe ‘表名’
判断表存在	exists '表名'
判断是否禁用启用表	is_enabled '表名' is_disabled ‘表名’
添加记录	put ‘表名’, ‘rowkey’, ‘列族 : 列‘ , '值'
查看记录rowkey下的所有数据	get '表名' , 'rowkey'
查看表中的记录总数	count '表名'
获取某个列族	get '表名','rowkey','列族'
获取某个列族的某个列	get '表名','rowkey','列族：列’
删除记录	delete ‘表名’ ,‘行名’ , ‘列族：列'
删除整行	deleteall '表名','rowkey'
删除一张表	先要屏蔽该表，才能对该表进行删除第一步 disable ‘表名’ ，第二步 drop '表名'
清空表	truncate '表名'
查看所有记录	scan "表名"
查看某个表某个列中所有数据	scan "表名" , {columns=>'列族名:列名'}
更新记录	就是重写一遍，进行覆盖，hbase没有修改，都是追加

说明：

　　1、列族里边可以自由添加子列很方便。如果列族下没有子列，加不加冒号都是可以的。

hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1

　　2、t1指表名，r1指行键名，c1指列名，value指单元格值。ts1指时间戳，一般都省略掉了。

1.3. 示例1-建表，查看表结构信息，删表

hbase(main):006:0* create 'user','info1','info2','info3'  # 创建表 
created table user
took 2.9927 seconds 
=> hbase::table - user
hbase(main):007:0> list  # 查看所有表
table
user 
1 row(s)
took 0.0468 seconds 
=> ["user"]
hbase(main):008:0> describe 'user' # 描述表
table user is enabled  ##### 当前表可用 
user 
column families description
{name => 'info1', versions => '1', evict_blocks_on_close => 'false', new_version_behavior => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', cache_data_on_write => 'false', data_block_encoding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', min_versions => '0', replication_scope => '0', bloomfilter => 'row', cache_index_on_write => 'false', in_memory => 'false', cache_blooms_on_write => 'false', prefetch_blocks_on_open => 'false', compression => 'none', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536'} 
{name => 'info2', versions => '1', evict_blocks_on_close => 'false', new_version_behavior => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', cache_data_on_write => 'false', data_block_encoding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', min_versions => '0', replication_scope => '0', bloomfilter => 'row', cache_index_on_write => 'false', in_memory => 'false', cache_blooms_on_write => 'false', prefetch_blocks_on_open => 'false', compression => 'none', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536'} 
{name => 'info3', versions => '1', evict_blocks_on_close => 'false', new_version_behavior => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', cache_data_on_write => 'false', data_block_encoding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', min_versions => '0', replication_scope => '0', bloomfilter => 'row', cache_index_on_write => 'false', in_memory => 'false', cache_blooms_on_write => 'false', prefetch_blocks_on_open => 'false', compression => 'none', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536'}  
3 row(s)
took 0.1933 seconds
hbase(main):011:0* exists 'user'  # 判断表是否存在
table user does exist
took 0.0398 seconds 
=> true
hbase(main):026:0> is_enabled 'user'  # 判断表是否可用
true
took 0.0149 seconds
=> true
hbase(main):027:0> is_disabled 'user' # 判断表是否不可用
false
took 0.0148 seconds 
=> 1
hbase(main):015:0> drop 'user'  # 删除表【必须先将表置为不可用】

error: table user is enabled. disable it first.

drop the named table. table must first be disabled:
  hbase> drop 't1'
  hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

took 0.0342 seconds
hbase(main):018:0* disable 'user'  # 将表置为不可用
took 0.5544 seconds 
hbase(main):019:0> drop 'user'  # 之后删除表
took 0.5143 seconds 
hbase(main):020:0> list
table 
0 row(s)
took 0.0687 seconds 
=> []

1.4. 示例2-添加表数据和查询表数据

hbase(main):024:0> create 'user','info1','info2','info3' # 创建表
created table user
took 1.2717 seconds 
=> hbase::table - user
hbase(main):025:0> list  # 查看所有表信息
table 
user  
1 row(s)
took 0.0466 seconds
=> ["user"]
hbase(main):042:0* put 'user','1234','info1:name','zhang'  # 添加数据
took 0.0634 seconds
hbase(main):043:0> scan 'user' # 查看所有记录
row                                              column+cell 
 1234                                            column=info1:name, timestamp=1533740907054, value=zhang
 1 row(s)
took 0.0776 seconds 
hbase(main):044:0> put 'user','1234','info1:name','zhangsan' # 再次添加【实际类似修改】
took 0.0055 seconds
hbase(main):045:0> scan 'user'
row                                              column+cell 
 1234                                            column=info1:name, timestamp=1533740935956, value=zhangsan 
1 row(s)
took 0.0160 seconds   
hbase(main):046:0> put 'user','1234','info2:name','zhang' # 在另一个列族添加数据
took 0.0160 seconds
hbase(main):047:0> put 'user','1234','info2:age','23'  # 在另一个列族的另外一个列添加数据
took 0.0133 seconds
hbase(main):048:0> scan 'user'
row                                              column+cell 
 1234                                            column=info1:name, timestamp=1533740935956, value=zhangsan 
 1234                                            column=info2:age, timestamp=1533741066465, value=23  
 1234                                            column=info2:name, timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang
1 row(s)
took 0.0171 seconds      
hbase(main):050:0* put 'user','12345','info1:name','lisi'
took 0.0125 seconds 
hbase(main):051:0> put 'user','12345','info2:age','25'
took 0.0143 seconds 
hbase(main):052:0> scan 'user'
row                                              column+cell 
 1234                                            column=info1:name, timestamp=1533740935956, value=zhangsan 
 1234                                            column=info2:age, timestamp=1533741066465, value=23        
 1234                                            column=info2:name, timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang    
 12345                                           column=info1:name, timestamp=1533741585906, value=lisi     
 12345                                           column=info2:age, timestamp=1533741595725, value=25        
2 row(s)
took 0.0179 seconds   
hbase(main):058:0* count 'user'  # 查看表中的记录总数【根据 row keys 判断】
2 row(s)
took 0.1065 seconds     
=> 2
hbase(main):053:0> get 'user','1234'  # 查看记录rowkey下的所有数据
column                                           cell  
 info1:name                                      timestamp=1533740935956, value=zhangsan  
 info2:age                                       timestamp=1533741066465, value=23        
 info2:name                                      timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang     
1 row(s)
took 0.0371 seconds      
hbase(main):067:0* get 'user','1234','info2' # 获取某个列族
column                                           cell     
 info2:age                                       timestamp=1533741066465, value=23    
 info2:name                                      timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang 
1 row(s)
took 0.0305 seconds      
hbase(main):068:0> get 'user','1234','info2:name' # 获取某个列族的某个列
column                                           cell   
 info2:name                                      timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang 
1 row(s)
took 0.0182 seconds

1.5. 示例3-删除行数据

hbase(main):072:0> get 'user','1234'
column                                           cell                                   
 info1:name                                      timestamp=1533740935956, value=zhangsan
 info2:address                                   timestamp=1533742368985, value=china    
 info2:age                                       timestamp=1533741066465, value=23       
 info2:name                                      timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang    
1 row(s)
took 0.0146 seconds  
hbase(main):073:0> delete 'user','1234','info2:age' # 删除指定行，指定列记录
#### 注意其中：  delete 'user','1234','info2' 是无效的 ★★★
took 0.0288 seconds                                                                       
hbase(main):074:0> get 'user','1234'
column                                           cell      
 info1:name                                      timestamp=1533740935956, value=zhangsan  
 info2:address                                   timestamp=1533742368985, value=china     
 info2:name                                      timestamp=1533741052169, value=zhang     
1 row(s)
took 0.0140 seconds  
hbase(main):100:0* deleteall 'user','1234' # 删除整行
took 0.0119 seconds                                     
hbase(main):101:0> get 'user','1234'
column                                           cell   
0 row(s)
took 0.0145 seconds

1.6. 示例4-条件scan和truncate

hbase(main):122:0* scan 'user'
row                                              column+cell                                              
 1234                                            column=info2:address, timestamp=1533743416815, value=cn  
 1234                                            column=info2:age, timestamp=1533743407616, value=20      
 1234                                            column=info2:name, timestamp=1533743396872, value=wangwu 
 12345                                           column=info1:name, timestamp=1533741585906, value=lisi   
 12345                                           column=info2:age, timestamp=1533741595725, value=25      
2 row(s)
took 0.0241 seconds
hbase(main):123:0> scan 'user',{columns => 'info2'}
row                                              column+cell  
 1234                                            column=info2:address, timestamp=1533743416815, value=cn 
 1234                                            column=info2:age, timestamp=1533743407616, value=20     
 1234                                            column=info2:name, timestamp=1533743396872, value=wangwu
 12345                                           column=info2:age, timestamp=1533741595725, value=25     
2 row(s)
took 0.0161 seconds    
hbase(main):124:0> scan 'user',{columns => 'info2:age'}
row                                              column+cell  
 1234                                            column=info2:age, timestamp=1533743407616, value=20 
 12345                                           column=info2:age, timestamp=1533741595725, value=25 
2 row(s)
took 0.0158 seconds
hbase(main):128:0* truncate
truncate            truncate_preserve   
hbase(main):128:0* truncate 'user'  # 截断表
truncating 'user' table (it may take a while):
disabling table...
truncating table...
took 2.6156 seconds                                            
hbase(main):129:0> scan 'user'
row                                              column+cell   
0 row(s)
took 0.1305 seconds

2. hbase导入导出数据

在实际应用hbase过程中，经常需要将生产环境中的数据备份，或者需要在开发环境中利用生产环境的数据（更加符合实际情况），因此hbase存储的数据的导入导出必不可少。

2.1. 表信息准备

hbase(main):002:0> create 'zhang','userinfo','baseinfo','eduinfo','workinfo'
created table zhang
took 1.4311 seconds     
=> hbase::table - zhang
hbase(main):005:0* put 'zhang','12345','userinfo:username','zhangsan'
took 0.3751 seconds                                                  
hbase(main):006:0> put 'zhang','12345','userinfo:password','111111'
took 0.0220 seconds                                                  
hbase(main):007:0> put 'zhang','12345','baseinfo:name','zhangsan'
took 0.0136 seconds                                                  
hbase(main):008:0> put 'zhang','12345','baseinfo:age','22'
took 0.0136 seconds                                                  
hbase(main):009:0> put 'zhang','12345','baseinfo:name','zhangnew'
took 0.0106 seconds                                                  
hbase(main):010:0> put 'zhang','12345','baseinfo:age','25'
took 0.0138 seconds
hbase(main):013:0> put 'zhang','12345','eduinfo:pri_school','star school'
took 0.0106 seconds                                                  
hbase(main):014:0> scan 'zhang'
row                                              column+cell                                                   
 12345                                           column=baseinfo:age, timestamp=1533884261796, value=25                
 12345                                           column=baseinfo:name, timestamp=1533884258020, value=zhangnew         
 12345                                           column=eduinfo:pri_school, timestamp=1533884297216, value=star school 
 12345                                           column=userinfo:password, timestamp=1533884246132, value=111111       
 12345                                           column=userinfo:username, timestamp=1533884241334, value=zhangsan     
1 row(s)
took 0.0179 seconds

2.2. hbase表导出到hdfs

[yun@mini02 ~]$ hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.export zhang /zhang/hbase/zhang_tab 
……………………
2018-08-10 15:01:27,354 info  [main] mapreduce.job: the url to track the job: http://mini02:8088/proxy/application_1533865678790_0001/
2018-08-10 15:01:27,355 info  [main] mapreduce.job: running job: job_1533865678790_0001
2018-08-10 15:01:39,564 info  [main] mapreduce.job: job job_1533865678790_0001 running in uber mode : false
2018-08-10 15:01:39,566 info  [main] mapreduce.job:  map 0% reduce 0%
2018-08-10 15:01:52,384 info  [main] mapreduce.job:  map 100% reduce 0%
2018-08-10 15:01:53,416 info  [main] mapreduce.job: job job_1533865678790_0001 completed successfully
2018-08-10 15:01:53,554 info  [main] mapreduce.job: ps in occupied slots (ms)=9661
		total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
		total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=9661
		total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=9661
		total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=9892864
	map-reduce framework
		map input records=1
		map output records=1
		input split bytes=124
		spilled records=0
		failed shuffles=0
		merged map outputs=0
		gc time elapsed (ms)=493
		cpu time spent (ms)=7670
		physical memory (bytes) snapshot=259244032
		virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=2178433024
		total committed heap usage (bytes)=89653248
	hbase counters
		bytes_in_remote_results=252
		bytes_in_results=252
		millis_between_nexts=1258
		not_serving_region_exception=0
		num_scanner_restarts=0
		num_scan_results_stale=0
		regions_scanned=1
		remote_rpc_calls=1
		remote_rpc_retries=0
		rows_filtered=0
		rows_scanned=1
		rpc_calls=1
		rpc_retries=0
	file input format counters 
		bytes read=0
	file output format counters 
		bytes written=364

hdfs查看

1 [yun@mini03 ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /zhang/hbase/zhang_tab
2 found 2 items
3 -rw-r--r--   3 yun supergroup          0 2018-08-10 15:01 /zhang/hbase/zhang_tab/_success
4 -rw-r--r--   3 yun supergroup        364 2018-08-10 15:01 /zhang/hbase/zhang_tab/part-m-00000

2.3. hbase表导出到本地集群系统

具体导出到哪台机器，需要自己去查找

[yun@mini02 hbase_data]$ hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.export zhang file:///app/software/hbase_data/zhang_tab
……………………
2018-08-10 16:14:17,619 info  [main] mapreduce.jobsubmitter: submitting tokens for job: job_1533865678790_0003
2018-08-10 16:14:18,249 info  [main] impl.yarnclientimpl: submitted application application_1533865678790_0003
2018-08-10 16:14:18,290 info  [main] mapreduce.job: the url to track the job: http://mini02:8088/proxy/application_1533865678790_0003/
2018-08-10 16:14:18,290 info  [main] mapreduce.job: running job: job_1533865678790_0003
2018-08-10 16:14:29,932 info  [main] mapreduce.job: job job_1533865678790_0003 running in uber mode : false
2018-08-10 16:14:29,935 info  [main] mapreduce.job:  map 0% reduce 0%
2018-08-10 16:14:39,958 info  [main] mapreduce.job:  map 100% reduce 0%
2018-08-10 16:14:40,984 info  [main] mapreduce.job: job job_1533865678790_0003 completed successfully
2018-08-10 16:14:41,131 info  [main] mapreduce.job: aps in occupied slots (ms)=7246
		total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=0
		total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=7246
		total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=7246
		total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=7419904
	map-reduce framework
		map input records=1
		map output records=1
		input split bytes=124
		spilled records=0
		failed shuffles=0
		merged map outputs=0
		gc time elapsed (ms)=242
		cpu time spent (ms)=5580
		physical memory (bytes) snapshot=263946240
		virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=2176024576
		total committed heap usage (bytes)=94896128
	hbase counters
		bytes_in_remote_results=252
		bytes_in_results=252
		millis_between_nexts=959
		not_serving_region_exception=0
		num_scanner_restarts=0
		num_scan_results_stale=0
		regions_scanned=1
		remote_rpc_calls=1
		remote_rpc_retries=0
		rows_filtered=0
		rows_scanned=1
		rpc_calls=1
		rpc_retries=0
	file input format counters 
		bytes read=0
	file output format counters 
		bytes written=376

导出到本地的文件

1 [yun@mini04 task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000]$ pwd
2 /app/software/hbase_data/zhang_tb/_temporary/1/task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000
3 [yun@mini04 task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000]$ ll
4 total 4
5 -rw-r--r-- 1 yun yun 364 aug 10 16:14 part-m-00000

2.4. 导入数据到hbase

把刚才导出的数据，导入到hbase。

方式1【该方式导入失败】

1 # 把 hbase 中表 zhang 的数据给删掉，然后导入
2 hbase(main):058:0* deleteall 'zhang','12345'
3 took 0.0541 seconds          \
4 hbase(main):059:0> scan 'zhang'
5 row                                              column+cell  
6 0 row(s)
7 took 0.0247 seconds

结果导入时死活没数据。。。

方式2【导入正常】

 1 # 对表 zhang 进行truncate，然后导入数据   或者 删除表 zhang，再重建该表
 2 hbase(main):018:0* truncate 'zhang'
 3 truncating 'zhang' table (it may take a while):
 4 disabling table...
 5 truncating table...
 6 took 1.8954 seconds
 7 hbase(main):020:0> scan 'zhang'
 8 row                                              column+cell  
 9 0 row(s)
10 took 1.4118 seconds

导入数据命令

[yun@mini04 task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000]$ hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.import zhang file:///app/software/hbase_data/zhang_tb/_temporary/1/task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000/part-m-00000
……………………

导入后查看

hbase(main):023:0* scan 'zhang'
row                                              column+cell                                                            
 12345                                           column=baseinfo:age, timestamp=1533884261796, value=25                 
 12345                                           column=baseinfo:name, timestamp=1533884258020, value=zhangnew          
 12345                                           column=eduinfo:pri_school, timestamp=1533884297216, value=star school  
 12345                                           column=userinfo:password, timestamp=1533884246132, value=111111        
 12345                                           column=userinfo:username, timestamp=1533884241334, value=zhangsan      
1 row(s)
took 0.0439 seconds

方式3【导入正常】

 1 # 新建表导入  要求：表结构一样
 2 hbase(main):070:0* create 'zhang_test','userinfo','baseinfo','eduinfo','workinfo'
 3 created table zhang_test
 4 took 0.7815 seconds        \
 5 => hbase::table - zhang_test
 6 hbase(main):071:0> list  # 查看所有表
 7 table                                  
 8 scores                                 
 9 user                                   
10 zhang                                  
11 zhang_test                             
12 4 row(s)
13 took 0.0280 seconds                    
14 => ["scores", "user", "zhang", "zhang_test"]

导入数据命令

[yun@mini04 task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000]$ hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.import zhang_test file:///app/software/hbase_data/zhang_tb/_temporary/1/task_1533865678790_0003_m_000000/part-m-00000
………………

导入后查看

1 hbase(main):074:0* scan 'zhang_test'
2 row                                              column+cell                                                          
3  12345                                           column=baseinfo:age, timestamp=1533884261796, value=25               
4  12345                                           column=baseinfo:name, timestamp=1533884258020, value=zhangnew        
5  12345                                           column=eduinfo:pri_school, timestamp=1533884297216, value=star school
6  12345                                           column=userinfo:password, timestamp=1533884246132, value=111111      
7  12345                                           column=userinfo:username, timestamp=1533884241334, value=zhangsan    
8 1 row(s)
9 took 0.0544 seconds