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本文实例为大家分享了python实现多人聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
一、目的
以实现小项目的方式，来巩固之前学过的python基本语法以及相关的知识。
二、相关技术
1.wxpython gui编程
2.网络编程
3.多线程编程
4.数据库编程
5.简单的将数据导出到excel表
三、存在的漏洞以及不足
1.由于数据库编码的问题，无法使用中文。
2.在客户端关闭后，其相关的线程仍然存在于服务器的用户线程队列中，所以服务器会错误地往已关闭的客户端传送信息。
3.客户端初始登录并加载历史记录时，会出现每条历史消息后面的回车键丢失的现象，解决的方法是：在加载相邻两条消息之间加个时间间隔，但效果不佳。
四、源码
服务器server：
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from socket import *
import time
import threading
import wx
import mysqldb
import xlwt
from clientthread import clientthread
class server(wx.frame):
def __init__(self,parent=none,id=-1,title='服务器',pos=wx.defaultposition,size=(500,300)):
'''窗口'''
wx.frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
pl = wx.panel(self)
con = wx.boxsizer(wx.vertical)
subcon = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
sta = wx.button(pl , size=(133, 40),label='启动服务器')
end = wx.button(pl, size=(133, 40), label='关闭服务器')
hist = wx.button(pl,size=(133,40),label='导出聊天记录')
subcon.add(sta, 1, wx.bottom)
subcon.add(hist, 1, wx.bottom)
subcon.add(end, 1, wx.bottom)
con.add(subcon,1,wx.align_centre|wx.bottom)
self.text = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.te_multiline|wx.te_readonly)
con.add(self.text, 1, wx.align_centre)
self.ttex = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.te_multiline)
con.add(self.ttex, 1, wx.align_centre)
sub2 = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
clear = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
send = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
sub2.add(clear, 1, wx.top | wx.left)
sub2.add(send, 1, wx.top | wx.right)
con.add(sub2, 1, wx.align_centre)
pl.setsizer(con)
'''窗口'''
'''绑定'''
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.editclear, clear)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.sendmessage, send)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.start, sta)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.break, end)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.writetoexcel, hist)
'''绑定'''
'''服务器准备工作'''
self.userthreadlist = []
self.onserve = false
addr = ('', 21567)
self.servesock = socket(af_inet, sock_stream)
self.servesock.bind(addr)
self.servesock.listen(10)
'''服务器准备工作'''
'''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
self.db = mysqldb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
self.text.setvalue('')
for data in self.cursor.fetchall(): #加载历史聊天记录
self.text.appendtext('%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n\n' % (data[0], data[2], data[1]))
'''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
#将聊天记录导出到excel表中
def writetoexcel(self,event):
wbk = xlwt.workbook()
sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
sheet.write(0, 0, "user")
sheet.write(0, 1, "datetime")
sheet.write(0, 5, "message")
index = 0
for data in self.cursor.fetchall():
index = index + 1
time = '%s'%data[1] #将datetime转成字符形式，否则直接写入excel会变成时间戳
sheet.write(index,0,data[0])
sheet.write(index,1,time) #写进excel会变成时间戳
sheet.write(index,5,data[2])
wbk.save(r'd:\history_dialog.xls')
#启动服务器的服务线程
def start(self,event):
if not self.onserve:
'''启动服务线程'''
self.onserve = true
mainthread = threading.thread(target=self.on_serving, args=())
mainthread.setdaemon(true) # 解决父线程结束，子线程还继续运行的问题
mainthread.start()
'''启动服务线程'''
#关闭服务器
def break(self,event):
self.onserve = false
#服务器主循环
def on_serving(self):
print '...on serving...'
while self.onserve:
usersocket, useraddr = self.servesock.accept()
username = usersocket.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8') #接收用户名
userthread = clientthread(usersocket, username,self)
self.userthreadlist.append(userthread) #将用户线程加到队列中
userthread.start()
self.servesock.close()
#绑定发送按钮
def sendmessage(self,event):
if self.onserve and cmp(self.ttex.getvalue(),''):
data = self.ttex.getvalue()
self.addtext('server',data,time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s", time.localtime()))
self.ttex.setvalue('')
# 向所有客户端（包括自己）发送信息,同时更新到数据库
def addtext(self, source, data,time):
self.cursor.execute("insert into history values(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\")" % (source,time,data)) #双引号里面有双引号，bug：句子不能有双引号、以及中文
self.db.commit()
senddata = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n' % (source,data,time)
self.text.appendtext('%s\n'%senddata)
for user in self.userthreadlist: #bug：客户端关闭了仍然在队列中。如果客户端关闭了，那怎么在服务器判断是否已经关闭了？客户端在关闭之前发一条信息给服务器？
user.usersocket.send(senddata.encode(encoding='utf-8'))
#绑定清空按钮
def editclear(self,event):
self.ttex.clear()
def main():
app = wx.app(false)
server().show()
app.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
服务器的客户线程clientthread：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import threading
import time
class clientthread(threading.thread):
def __init__(self,usersocket, username,server):
threading.thread.__init__(self)
self.usersocket = usersocket
self.username = username
self.server = server
self.loadhist()
# 加载历史聊天记录
def loadhist(self):
self.server.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
for data in self.server.cursor.fetchall():
time.sleep(0.6) #几条信息同时发，会造成末尾回车键的丢失，所以要有时间间隔
senddata = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n'%(data[0], data[2], data[1])
self.usersocket.send(senddata.encode(encoding='utf-8'))
#方法重写，线程的入口
def run(self):
size = 1024
while true:
data = self.usersocket.recv(size) #未解决：客户端断开连接后这里会报错
self.server.addtext(self.username,data.decode(encoding='utf-8'),time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s", time.localtime()))
self.usersocket.close() #这里都执行不到
客户登录界面logframe：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from socket import *
import wx
import mysqldb
from client import client
class logframe(wx.frame):
def __init__(self,parent=none,id=-1,title='登录窗口',pos=wx.defaultposition,size=(500,300)):
'''窗口'''
wx.frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,280))
self.pl = wx.panel(self)
con = wx.boxsizer(wx.vertical)
subcon = wx.flexgridsizer(2,2,10,10)
username = wx.statictext(self.pl, label="username:",style=wx.align_left)
password = wx.statictext(self.pl, label="password:",style=wx.align_left)
self.tc1 = wx.textctrl(self.pl,size=(180,20))
self.tc2 = wx.textctrl(self.pl,size=(180,20),style=wx.te_password)
subcon.add(username,wx.te_left)
subcon.add(self.tc1,1,wx.expand)
subcon.add(password)
subcon.add(self.tc2,1,wx.expand)
con.add(subcon,1,wx.align_center)
subcon2 = wx.flexgridsizer(1,2,10,10)
register = wx.button(self.pl,label='register')
login = wx.button(self.pl,label='login')
subcon2.add(register,1, wx.top)
subcon2.add(login,1, wx.top)
con.add(subcon2,1,wx.align_centre)
self.pl.setsizer(con)
self.bind(wx.evt_button,self.register,register)
self.bind(wx.evt_button,self.login,login)
'''窗口'''
self.isconnected = false
self.usersocket = none
#连接到服务器
def connecttoserver(self):
if not self.isconnected:
addr = ('localhost', 21567)
self.usersocket = socket(af_inet, sock_stream)
try:
self.usersocket.connect(addr)
self.usersocket.send(self.tc1.getvalue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
self.isconnected = true
return true
except exception:
return false
else:
return true
#登录
def login(self,event):
if not self.connecttoserver():
err = wx.messagedialog(none, '服务器未启动', 'error!', wx.ok)
err.showmodal()
err.destroy()
else:
username = self.tc1.getvalue()
password = self.tc2.getvalue()
db = mysqldb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password))
if not cursor.fetchone():
err = wx.messagedialog(none,'用户不存在或密码错误','error!',wx.ok)
err.showmodal()
else:
self.close()
client(opsock=self.usersocket, username=username).show()
db.commit()
db.close()
#注册
def register(self,event):
if not self.connecttoserver():
err = wx.messagedialog(none, '服务器未启动', 'error!', wx.ok)
err.showmodal()
err.destroy()
else:
username = self.tc1.getvalue()
password = self.tc2.getvalue()
db = mysqldb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s'"%username)
if not cursor.fetchone():
cursor.execute("insert into user_list(username,password) values('%s','%s')"%(username,password))
else:
err = wx.messagedialog(none, '用户已存在', 'error!', wx.ok)
err.showmodal()
db.commit()
db.close()
def main():
app = wx.app(false)
logframe().show()
app.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
客户端client：
#/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import wx
import threading
from time import ctime
class client(wx.frame):
def __init__(self,opsock,username,parent=none,id=-1,title='客户端',pos=wx.defaultposition,size=(500,300)):
'''窗口'''
wx.frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
self.opsock = opsock
self.username = username
pl = wx.panel(self)
con = wx.boxsizer(wx.vertical)
subcon = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
sta = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='连接')
end = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='断开')
subcon.add(sta, 1, wx.top|wx.left)
subcon.add(end, 1, wx.top|wx.right)
con.add(subcon,1,wx.align_centre)
self.text = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.te_multiline|wx.te_readonly)
con.add(self.text, 1, wx.align_centre)
self.ttex = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.te_multiline)
con.add(self.ttex, 1, wx.align_centre)
sub2 = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
clear = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
send = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
sub2.add(clear, 1, wx.top | wx.left)
sub2.add(send, 1, wx.top | wx.right)
con.add(sub2, 1, wx.align_centre)
pl.setsizer(con)
'''窗口'''
'''绑定'''
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.editclear, clear)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.send, send)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.login, sta)
self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.logout, end)
'''绑定'''
self.isconnected = false
#登录
def login(self,event):
'''客户端准备工作'''
self.isconnected = true
t = threading.thread(target=self.receive, args=())
t.setdaemon(true)
t.start()
'''客户端准备工作'''
#退出
def logout(self,event):
self.isconnected = false
#绑定发送按钮
def send(self,event):
if self.isconnected and cmp(self.ttex.getvalue(),''):
self.opsock.send(self.ttex.getvalue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
self.ttex.setvalue('')
#绑定清空按钮
def editclear(self,event):
self.ttex.clear()
#接收客户端的信息（独立一个线程）
def receive(self):
while self.isconnected:
data = self.opsock.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')
self.text.appendtext('%s\n'%data)
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