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一、实验环境
1、vmware12、俩台linux(ser 和 client )、dhcp安装包。
二、操作流程
1、安装dhcp
2、配置dhcp的配置文件: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
3、测试服务
三、实操如下
1、# yum -y install dhcp* //安装dhcp,注意要带上* 在ser上操作。
2、# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33-1 //在ser上配置网络ip地址,一般都是ens33
3、网络ip设置如下:
hwaddr=00:0c:29:03:ea:35
type=ethernet
proxy_method=none
browser_only=no
bootproto=static //改为static,表示静态地址
ipaddr=192.168.1.20 //改为和subnet 同网段的地址(此地址最好选择range之外的地址)
prefix=24 //改为和网路ip地址对应的子网掩码
gateway=192.168.1.1 //注意:此处网关必须设置和dhcp作用域里面的网关相同
dns1=8.8.8.8 //dns设置正常的就可以
defroute=yes
ipv4_failure_fatal=no
ipv6init=yes
ipv6_autoconf=yes
ipv6_defroute=yes
ipv6_failure_fatal=no
ipv6_addr_gen_mode=stable-privacy
name=ens33
uuid=2d5fde3e-2e83-49af-b7d7-f326fc3a7001
onboot=yes //保证网卡处于yes 启动状态
⏩按键esc 输入:wq 保存退出。
#systemctl restart network //重启网卡 (建议重启系统)
4、配置dhcp的配置文件: vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
打开配置文件按照提示 #cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf //用示例文件覆盖配置文件
#vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf //正式开始编辑配置文件,加底色的保留,其他的全部dd
# dhcpd.conf
#
# sample configuration file for isc dhcpd
#
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "example.org"; //作用域名
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org; //dns
default-lease-time 600; //默认租约时间
max-lease-time 7200; //最大租约时间
# use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;
# if this dhcp server is the official dhcp server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;
# use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;
# no service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# dhcp server to understand the network topology.
subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
} //声明网络拓扑
# this is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;
option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}
# this declaration allows bootp clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don't really recommend.
subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;
option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
}
# a slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { //作用域网段
range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30; //地址池范围
option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org; //dns
option domain-name "internal.example.org"; //作用域名
option routers 10.5.5.1; //网关,ser上面配置的网关和此网关要一致
option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31; //广播地址
default-lease-time 600; //默认租约时间
max-lease-time 7200; //最大租约时间
} //创建一个子网地址池
# hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements. if no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information
# will still come from the host declaration.
host passacaglia {
hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
server-name "toccata.fugue.com";
}
# fixed ip addresses can also be specified for hosts. these addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# hosts for which fixed ip addresses have been specified can boot using
# bootp or dhcp. hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with dhcp, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a bootp client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
host fantasia {
hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;
}
# you can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that. the example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.
class "foo" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "sunw";
}
shared-network 224-29 {
subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers rtr-224.example.org;
}
subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers rtr-29.example.org;
}
pool {
allow members of "foo";
range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
}
pool {
deny members of "foo";
range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
}
}
⏩按键esc 输入:wq 保存退出。
#systemctl start dhcpd //启动dhcp服务
5、测试地址分发
首先将俩台虚拟系统ser 和 client 的网卡配置在同一个虚拟环境网络中,如下图
然后在client 上 修改网卡配置文件,bootproto=dhcp 删除静态地址后保存 重启网卡(也重启电脑)
同样在client 上安装dhcp服务
验证如下:
ifconfig 查看获取情况
route -n //查看路由信息
也可以在ser上执行status 命令
#systemctl status dhcpd
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