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Python BeautifulSoup 使用

2019年01月21日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

鬼泣4automatic,潘姿彤,97bao

bs4库简单使用:
1.最好配合lxml库，下载：pip install lxml
2.最好配合requests库，下载：pip install requests
3.下载bs4：pip install bs4
4.直接输入pip没用？解决：环境变量->系统变量->path->新建：c:\python27\scripts
 
案例：获取网站标题
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
import requests
 
url = "https://www.baidu.com"
 
response = requests.get(url)
 
soup = beautifulsoup(response.content, 'lxml')
 
print soup.title.text
 
标签识别
示例1：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
 
html = '''
<html>
<head><title>the dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>the dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>
</html>
'''
soup = beautifulsoup(html, 'lxml')
 
# beautifulsoup中有内置的方法来实现格式化输出
print(soup.prettify())
 
# title标签内容
print(soup.title.string)
 
# title标签的父节点名
print(soup.title.parent.name)
 
# 标签名为p的内容
print(soup.p)
 
# 标签名为p的class内容
print(soup.p["class"])
 
# 标签名为a的内容
print(soup.a)
 
# 查找所有的字符a
print(soup.find_all('a'))
 
# 查找id='link3'的内容
print(soup.find(id='link3'))
 
示例2：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
 
html = '''
<html>
<head><title>the dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="story">once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>
</html>
'''
 
soup = beautifulsoup(html, 'lxml')
 
# 将p标签下的所有子标签存入到了一个列表中
print (soup.p.contents)
 
find_all示例:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
 
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1">
            <li class="element">foo</li>
            <li class="element">bar</li>
            <li class="element">jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">foo</li>
            <li class="element">bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
 
soup = beautifulsoup(html, 'lxml')
 
# 查找所有的ul标签内容
print(soup.find_all('ul'))
 
# 针对结果再次find_all,从而获取所有的li标签信息
for ul in soup.find_all('ul'):
    print(ul.find_all('li'))
 
# 查找id为list-1的内容
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'id': 'list-1'}))
 
# 查找class为element的内容
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'class': 'element'}))
 
# 查找所有的text='foo'的文本
print(soup.find_all(text='foo'))
 
css选择器示例：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import beautifulsoup
 
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1">
            <li class="element">foo</li>
            <li class="element">bar</li>
            <li class="element">jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">foo</li>
            <li class="element">bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
 
soup = beautifulsoup(html, 'lxml')
 
# 获取class名为panel下panel-heading的内容
print(soup.select('.panel .panel-heading'))
 
# 获取class名为ul和li的内容
print(soup.select('ul li'))
 
# 获取class名为element，id为list-2的内容
print(soup.select('#list-2 .element'))
 
# 使用get_text()获取文本内容
for li in soup.select('li'):
    print(li.get_text())
 
# 获取属性的时候可以通过[属性名]或者attrs[属性名]
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
    print(ul['id'])
    # print(ul.attrs['id'])
 

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