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代码详解java里的“==”和“equels”区别

2019年07月19日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

测试1:

先看一组string类型比较,废话不多说,直接上代码:

public class test {

  public static void main(string[] args) {
    string a = "java书苑";
    string b = "java书苑";
    string c = new string("java书苑");
    string d = new string("java书苑").intern();

    if(a == b){
      system.out.println("a == b");
    }else{
      system.out.println("a != b");
    }

    if(a.equals(b)){
      system.out.println("a.equals(b)");
    }else{
      system.out.println("!a.equals(b)");
    }

    if(a == c){
      system.out.println("a == c");
    }else{
      system.out.println("a != c");
    }

    if(a.equals(c)){
      system.out.println("a.equals(c)");
    }else{
      system.out.println("!a.equals(c)");
    }

    if(a == d){
      system.out.println("a == d");
    }else{
      system.out.println("a != d");
    }

    if(a.equals(d)){
      system.out.println("a.equals(d)");
    }else{
      system.out.println("a.equals(d)");
    }
  }
}

输出结果:

a == b
a.equals(b)
a != c
a.equals(c)
a == d
a.equals(d)

总结:

结果a == b:程序在运行的时候会创建一个字符串缓冲池,在string a = “java书苑”时, “java书苑”被放到了字符串缓冲池中,当 string b = “java书苑” 创建字符串的时候,程序首先会在这个string缓冲池中寻找相同值的对象,所以在b被创建的时候,程序找到了具有相同值的a,将b 引用 a 所引用的对象。所以a和b引用的同一个对象,故a == b。

结果a != c:string c = new string(“java书苑”)时new了一个新的对象,故不从string缓冲池寻找,二十直接创建一个新的对象。所以a != c。

结果a == d :当调用 intern 方法时,如果池已经包含一个等于此 string 对象的字符串(该对象由 equals(object) 方法确定),则返回池中的字符串。否则,将此 string 对象添加到池中,并且返回此 string 对象的引用。所有d调用的同样是a的对象。
equals比较的是值,故值一样时便相等。

测试2:

这是一组int类型和integer类型的测试:

public class test {

  public static void main(string[] args) {

    int a = 127;
    int a1 = 127;

    int b = 128;
    int b1 = 128;


    integer c = 127;
    integer c1 = 127;

    integer d = 128;
    integer d1 = 128;

    if(a == a1){
      system.out.println("a == a1");
    }else{
       system.out.println("a != a1");
    }

    if(b == b1){
      system.out.println("b == b1");
    }else{
       system.out.println("b != b1");
    }

    if(c == c1){
      system.out.println("c == c1");
    }else{
       system.out.println("c != c1");
    }

    if(d == d1){
      system.out.println("d == d1");
    }else{
       system.out.println("d != d1");
    }
  }
}

输出的结果:

a == a1
b == b1
c == c1
d != d1

结果”a == a1”和”b == b1”:int 是基本类型,直接存数值,而integer是对象,用一个引用指向这个对象,多以比较的时候”a == a1”和”b == b1”。

结果“c == c1”和“d != d1”这里可能有人会有疑问,为什么“d != d1”.我们一起看一下integer的源码。

/**
   * cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
   * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by jls.
   *
   * the cache is initialized on first usage. the size of the cache
   * may be controlled by the -xx:autoboxcachemax=<size> option.
   * during vm initialization, java.lang.integer.integercache.high property
   * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
   * sun.misc.vm class.
   */

  private static class integercache {
    static final int low = -128;
    static final int high;
    static final integer cache[];

    static {
      // high value may be configured by property
      int h = 127;
      string integercachehighpropvalue =
        sun.misc.vm.getsavedproperty("java.lang.integer.integercache.high");
      if (integercachehighpropvalue != null) {
        int i = parseint(integercachehighpropvalue);
        i = math.max(i, 127);
        // maximum array size is integer.max_value
        h = math.min(i, integer.max_value - (-low) -1);
      }
      high = h;

      cache = new integer[(high - low) + 1];
      int j = low;
      for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
        cache[k] = new integer(j++);
    }

    private integercache() {}
  }

  /**
   * returns an {@code integer} instance representing the specified
   * {@code int} value. if a new {@code integer} instance is not
   * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
   * the constructor {@link #integer(int)}, as this method is likely
   * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
   * caching frequently requested values.
   *
   * this method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
   * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
   *
   * @param i an {@code int} value.
   * @return an {@code integer} instance representing {@code i}.
   * @since 1.5
   */
  public static integer valueof(int i) {
    assert integercache.high >= 127;
    if (i >= integercache.low && i <= integercache.high)
      return integercache.cache[i + (-integercache.low)];
    return new integer(i);
  }

结论:这里 integer 会初始化一个[-128,127]的常量池,如果数值在这个范围时,则引用的是同一个对象,如果不在这个范围,通过源码可以看出返回的是new了一个新的对象: return new integer(i);

所以,结果“c == c1”是引用了同一个对象,结果“d != d1”,是new了一个新的对象,故不等。

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