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SpringBoot 注解事务声明式事务的方式

2019年07月19日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

　springboot 对新人来说可能上手比springmvc要快，但是对于各位从springmvc转战到springboot的话，有些地方还需要适应下，尤其是xml配置。我个人是比较喜欢注解➕xml是因为看着方便，查找方便，清晰明了。但是xml完全可以使用注解代替，今天就扒一扒springboot中事务使用注解的玩法。

　　springboot的事务也主要分为两大类，一是xml声明式事务，二是注解事务，注解事务也可以实现类似声明式事务的方法，关于注解声明式事务，目前网上搜索不到合适的资料，所以在这里，我将自己查找和总结的几个方法写到这里，大家共同探讨

springboot 之 xml事务

      可以使用 @importresource("classpath:transaction.xml") 引入该xml的配置，xml的配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xsi:schemalocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
  <bean id="txmanager"
    class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager">
    <property name="datasource" ref="datasource" ></property>
  </bean>
  <tx:advice id="cftxadvice" transaction-manager="txmanager">
    <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name="query*" propagation="supports" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
      <tx:method name="get*" propagation="supports" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
      <tx:method name="select*" propagation="supports" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
      <tx:method name="*" propagation="required" rollback-for="exception" ></tx:method>
    </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>
   <aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="allmanagermethod" expression="execution (* com.exmaple.fm..service.*.*(..))" />
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="allmanagermethod" order="0" />
  </aop:config>
</beans>

springboot 启动类如下：

package com.example.fm;
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.importresource;
@importresource("classpath:transaction.xml")
@springbootapplication
public class application {
  public static void main(string[] args) {
    springapplication.run(application.class, args);
  }
}

　　启动后即可开启事务，不过项目里导入了xml配置，如果不想导入xml配置，可以使用注解的方式。

springboot 之 注解事务

　　　注解事务讲解之前，需要先了解下spring创建代理的几个类,在spring内部，是通过beanpostprocessor来完成自动创建代理工作的。beanpostprocessor接口的实现只是在applicationcontext初始化的时候才会自动加载，而普通的beanfactory只能通过编程的方式调用之。根据  匹配规则的不同大致分为三种类别：

　　　　a、匹配bean的名称自动创建匹配到的bean的代理，实现类beannameautoproxycreator

<bean id="testinterceptor" class="com.example.service.config.testinerceptor”></bean>
<bean id="profileautoproxycreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.
autoproxy.beannameautoproxyproxycreator">
<bean>
<property name="beannames">
<list>
<value>*service</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="interceptornames">
<value> testinterceptor </value>
</property>
</bean>

　　　　b、根据bean中的aspectj注解自动创建代理，实现类annotationawareaspectjautoproxycreator

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>
<bean id="annotationawareaspectjautoproxycreatortest" class="com.example.service.annotationawareaspectjautoproxycreatortest"/>
<aop:config>
  <aop:aspect ref="annotationawareaspectjautoproxycreatortest">
    <aop:around method="process" pointcut="execution (* com.example.service.fm..*.*(..))"/>
  </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

　　　　c、根据advisor的匹配机制自动创建代理，会对容器中所有的advisor进行扫描，自动将这些切面应用到匹配的bean中，实现类defaultadvisorautoproxycreator

　　接下来开讲注解开启事务的方法：

       1、transactional注解事务

　　 需要在进行事物管理的方法上添加注解@transactional，或者偷懒的话直接在类上面添加该注解，使得所有的方法都进行事物的管理，但是依然需要在需要事务管理的类上都添加，工作量比较大，这里只是简单说下，具体的可以google或者bing

       2、注解声明式事务

　　component或configuration中bean的区别，有时间我会专门写一篇来讲解下

　　a.方式1，这里使用component或configuration事务都可以生效　

package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.collections;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.aspect;
import org.springframework.aop.advisor;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.aspectjexpressionpointcut;
import org.springframework.aop.support.defaultpointcutadvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.transaction.platformtransactionmanager;
import org.springframework.transaction.transactiondefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.namematchtransactionattributesource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.rollbackruleattribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.rulebasedtransactionattribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionattribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor;
/**
 * created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
 */
@aspect
//@component 事务依然生效
@configuration
public class txadviceinterceptor {
  private static final int tx_method_timeout = 5;
  private static final string aop_pointcut_expression = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
  @autowired
  private platformtransactionmanager transactionmanager;
  @bean
  public transactioninterceptor txadvice() {
    namematchtransactionattributesource source = new namematchtransactionattributesource();
     /*只读事务，不做更新操作*/
    rulebasedtransactionattribute readonlytx = new rulebasedtransactionattribute();
    readonlytx.setreadonly(true);
    readonlytx.setpropagationbehavior(transactiondefinition.propagation_not_supported );
    /*当前存在事务就使用当前事务，当前不存在事务就创建一个新的事务*/
    rulebasedtransactionattribute requiredtx = new rulebasedtransactionattribute();
    requiredtx.setrollbackrules(
      collections.singletonlist(new rollbackruleattribute(exception.class)));
    requiredtx.setpropagationbehavior(transactiondefinition.propagation_required);
    requiredtx.settimeout(tx_method_timeout);
    map<string, transactionattribute> txmap = new hashmap<>();
    txmap.put("add*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("save*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("insert*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("update*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("delete*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("get*", readonlytx);
    txmap.put("query*", readonlytx);
    source.setnamemap( txmap );
    transactioninterceptor txadvice = new transactioninterceptor(transactionmanager, source);
    return txadvice;
  }
  @bean
  public advisor txadviceadvisor() {
    aspectjexpressionpointcut pointcut = new aspectjexpressionpointcut();
    pointcut.setexpression(aop_pointcut_expression);
    return new defaultpointcutadvisor(pointcut, txadvice());
    //return new defaultpointcutadvisor(pointcut, txadvice);
  }
}

　b.方式1，这里使用component或configuration事务都可以生效

package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.collections;
import java.util.hashmap;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.aspectjexpressionpointcutadvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.transaction.platformtransactionmanager;
import org.springframework.transaction.transactiondefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.namematchtransactionattributesource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.rollbackruleattribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.rulebasedtransactionattribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionattribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionattributesource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor;
/**
 * created by guozp on 2017/8/29.
 */
//@component 事务依然生效
@configuration
public class txanoconfig {
  /*事务拦截类型*/
  @bean("txsource")
  public transactionattributesource transactionattributesource(){
    namematchtransactionattributesource source = new namematchtransactionattributesource();
     /*只读事务，不做更新操作*/
    rulebasedtransactionattribute readonlytx = new rulebasedtransactionattribute();
    readonlytx.setreadonly(true);
    readonlytx.setpropagationbehavior(transactiondefinition.propagation_not_supported );
    /*当前存在事务就使用当前事务，当前不存在事务就创建一个新的事务*/
    //rulebasedtransactionattribute requiredtx = new rulebasedtransactionattribute();
    //requiredtx.setrollbackrules(
    //  collections.singletonlist(new rollbackruleattribute(exception.class)));
    //requiredtx.setpropagationbehavior(transactiondefinition.propagation_required);
    rulebasedtransactionattribute requiredtx = new rulebasedtransactionattribute(transactiondefinition.propagation_required,
      collections.singletonlist(new rollbackruleattribute(exception.class)));
    requiredtx.settimeout(5);
    map<string, transactionattribute> txmap = new hashmap<>();
    txmap.put("add*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("save*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("insert*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("update*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("delete*", requiredtx);
    txmap.put("get*", readonlytx);
    txmap.put("query*", readonlytx);
    source.setnamemap( txmap );
    return source;
  }
  /**切面拦截规则 参数会自动从容器中注入*/
  @bean
  public aspectjexpressionpointcutadvisor pointcutadvisor(transactioninterceptor txinterceptor){
    aspectjexpressionpointcutadvisor pointcutadvisor = new aspectjexpressionpointcutadvisor();
    pointcutadvisor.setadvice(txinterceptor);
    pointcutadvisor.setexpression("execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))");
    return pointcutadvisor;
  }
  /*事务拦截器*/
  @bean("txinterceptor")
  transactioninterceptor gettransactioninterceptor(platformtransactionmanager tx){
    return new transactioninterceptor(tx , transactionattributesource()) ;
  }
}　

 c.方式1，这里使用component或configuration事务都可以生效

package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.properties;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.beannameautoproxycreator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor;
/**
 * created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
 *
 */
//@component
@configuration
public class txconfigbeanname {
  @autowired
  private datasourcetransactionmanager transactionmanager;
  // 创建事务通知
  @bean(name = "txadvice")
  public transactioninterceptor getadvisor() throws exception {
    properties properties = new properties();
    properties.setproperty("get*", "propagation_required,-exception,readonly");
    properties.setproperty("add*", "propagation_required,-exception,readonly");
    properties.setproperty("save*", "propagation_required,-exception,readonly");
    properties.setproperty("update*", "propagation_required,-exception,readonly");
    properties.setproperty("delete*", "propagation_required,-exception,readonly");
    transactioninterceptor tsi = new transactioninterceptor(transactionmanager,properties);
    return tsi;
  }
  @bean
  public beannameautoproxycreator txproxy() {
    beannameautoproxycreator creator = new beannameautoproxycreator();
    creator.setinterceptornames("txadvice");
    creator.setbeannames("*service", "*serviceimpl");
    creator.setproxytargetclass(true);
    return creator;
  }
}

 d.方式1，这里使用component或configuration并不是所有事务都可以生效，例如configuration的时候如果打开注释部分的而且不把代码都移动到 defaultpointcutadvisor()，事物会失效，具体原因暂时不明，如果各位有明白的，可以指点我下。

ackage com.alibaba.fm9.config;
import java.util.properties;
import javax.sql.datasource;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.aspectjexpressionpointcut;
import org.springframework.aop.support.defaultpointcutadvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.conditionalonmissingbean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.transaction.platformtransactionmanager;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor;
/**
 * created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
 *            ???????
 */
@configuration //事务失效,都移动到一个方法不失效
//@component // 事务可行，不用都移动到一个方法
public class txotherconfigdefaultbean {
  public static final string transactionexecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
  @autowired
  private platformtransactionmanager transactionmanager;
  //@bean
  //@conditionalonmissingbean
  //public platformtransactionmanager transactionmanager() {
  //  return new datasourcetransactionmanager(datasource);
  //}
  @bean
  public transactioninterceptor transactioninterceptor() {
    properties attributes = new properties();
    attributes.setproperty("get*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    attributes.setproperty("add*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    attributes.setproperty("update*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    attributes.setproperty("delete*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    //transactioninterceptor txadvice = new transactioninterceptor(transactionmanager(), attributes);
    transactioninterceptor txadvice = new transactioninterceptor(transactionmanager, attributes);
    return txadvice;
  }
  //@bean
  //public aspectjexpressionpointcut aspectjexpressionpointcut(){
  //  aspectjexpressionpointcut pointcut = new aspectjexpressionpointcut();
  //  pointcut.setexpression(transactionexecution);
  //  return pointcut;
  //}
  @bean
  public defaultpointcutadvisor defaultpointcutadvisor(){
    //aspectjexpressionpointcut pointcut = new aspectjexpressionpointcut();
    //pointcut.setexpression(transactionexecution);
    //defaultpointcutadvisor advisor = new defaultpointcutadvisor();
    //advisor.setpointcut(pointcut);
    //advisor.setadvice(transactioninterceptor());
    aspectjexpressionpointcut pointcut = new aspectjexpressionpointcut();
    pointcut.setexpression(transactionexecution);
    defaultpointcutadvisor advisor = new defaultpointcutadvisor();
    advisor.setpointcut(pointcut);
    properties attributes = new properties();
    attributes.setproperty("get*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    attributes.setproperty("add*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    attributes.setproperty("update*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    attributes.setproperty("delete*", "propagation_required,-exception");
    transactioninterceptor txadvice = new transactioninterceptor(transactionmanager, attributes);
    advisor.setadvice(txadvice);
    return advisor;
  }
}　

　　简单来说，springboot使用上述注解的几种方式开启事物，可以达到和xml中声明的同样效果，但是却告别了xml，使你的代码远离配置文件。

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springboot 注解事务声明式事务的方式，希望对大家有所帮助

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