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Java分布式ID生成解决方案

2019年09月03日  | 移动技术网IT编程  | 我要评论

分布式id生成器

我们采用的是开源的twitter(  非官方中文惯称:推特.是国外的一个网站,是一个社交网络及微博客服务)  snowflake算法(推特雪花算法)。

 

 

封装为工具类,源码如下:

package util;

import java.lang.management.managementfactory;
import java.net.inetaddress;
import java.net.networkinterface;

/**
 * <p>名称:idworker.java</p>
 * <p>描述:分布式自增长id</p>
 * <pre>
 *     twitter的 snowflake java实现方案
 * </pre>
 * 核心代码为其idworker这个类实现,其原理结构如下,我分别用一个0表示一位,用—分割开部分的作用:
 * 1||0---0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0 --- 00000 ---00000 ---000000000000
 * 在上面的字符串中,第一位为未使用(实际上也可作为long的符号位),接下来的41位为毫秒级时间,
 * 然后5位datacenter标识位,5位机器id(并不算标识符,实际是为线程标识),
 * 然后12位该毫秒内的当前毫秒内的计数,加起来刚好64位,为一个long型。
 * 这样的好处是,整体上按照时间自增排序,并且整个分布式系统内不会产生id碰撞(由datacenter和机器id作区分),
 * 并且效率较高,经测试,snowflake每秒能够产生26万id左右,完全满足需要。
 * <p>
 * 64位id (42(毫秒)+5(机器id)+5(业务编码)+12(重复累加))
 *
 * @author polim
 */
public class idworker {
    // 时间起始标记点,作为基准,一般取系统的最近时间(一旦确定不能变动)
    private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657l;
    // 机器标识位数
    private final static long workeridbits = 5l;
    // 数据中心标识位数
    private final static long datacenteridbits = 5l;
    // 机器id最大值
    private final static long maxworkerid = -1l ^ (-1l << workeridbits);
    // 数据中心id最大值
    private final static long maxdatacenterid = -1l ^ (-1l << datacenteridbits);
    // 毫秒内自增位
    private final static long sequencebits = 12l;
    // 机器id偏左移12位
    private final static long workeridshift = sequencebits;
    // 数据中心id左移17位
    private final static long datacenteridshift = sequencebits + workeridbits;
    // 时间毫秒左移22位
    private final static long timestampleftshift = sequencebits + workeridbits + datacenteridbits;

    private final static long sequencemask = -1l ^ (-1l << sequencebits);
    /* 上次生产id时间戳 */
    private static long lasttimestamp = -1l;
    // 0,并发控制
    private long sequence = 0l;

    private final long workerid;
    // 数据标识id部分
    private final long datacenterid;

    public idworker(){
        this.datacenterid = getdatacenterid(maxdatacenterid);
        this.workerid = getmaxworkerid(datacenterid, maxworkerid);
    }
    /**
     * @param workerid
     *            工作机器id
     * @param datacenterid
     *            序列号
     */
    public idworker(long workerid, long datacenterid) {
        if (workerid > maxworkerid || workerid < 0) {
            throw new illegalargumentexception(string.format("worker id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxworkerid));
        }
        if (datacenterid > maxdatacenterid || datacenterid < 0) {
            throw new illegalargumentexception(string.format("datacenter id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxdatacenterid));
        }
        this.workerid = workerid;
        this.datacenterid = datacenterid;
    }
    /**
     * 获取下一个id
     *
     * @return
     */
    public synchronized long nextid() {
        long timestamp = timegen();
        if (timestamp < lasttimestamp) {
            throw new runtimeexception(string.format("clock moved backwards.  refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lasttimestamp - timestamp));
        }

        if (lasttimestamp == timestamp) {
            // 当前毫秒内,则+1
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequencemask;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                // 当前毫秒内计数满了,则等待下一秒
                timestamp = tilnextmillis(lasttimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0l;
        }
        lasttimestamp = timestamp;
        // id偏移组合生成最终的id,并返回id
        long nextid = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampleftshift)
                | (datacenterid << datacenteridshift)
                | (workerid << workeridshift) | sequence;

        return nextid;
    }

    private long tilnextmillis(final long lasttimestamp) {
        long timestamp = this.timegen();
        while (timestamp <= lasttimestamp) {
            timestamp = this.timegen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }

    private long timegen() {
        return system.currenttimemillis();
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 获取 maxworkerid
     * </p>
     */
    protected static long getmaxworkerid(long datacenterid, long maxworkerid) {
        stringbuffer mpid = new stringbuffer();
        mpid.append(datacenterid);
        string name = managementfactory.getruntimemxbean().getname();
        if (!name.isempty()) {
         /*
          * get jvmpid
          */
            mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]);
        }
      /*
       * mac + pid 的 hashcode 获取16个低位
       */
        return (mpid.tostring().hashcode() & 0xffff) % (maxworkerid + 1);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * 数据标识id部分
     * </p>
     */
    protected static long getdatacenterid(long maxdatacenterid) {
        long id = 0l;
        try {
            inetaddress ip = inetaddress.getlocalhost();
            networkinterface network = networkinterface.getbyinetaddress(ip);
            if (network == null) {
                id = 1l;
            } else {
                byte[] mac = network.gethardwareaddress();
                id = ((0x000000ff & (long) mac[mac.length - 1])
                        | (0x0000ff00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6;
                id = id % (maxdatacenterid + 1);
            }
        } catch (exception e) {
            system.out.println(" getdatacenterid: " + e.getmessage());
        }
        return id;
    }
    
    /**
    * 测试
    */
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        idworker idworker=new idworker(0,0);
        
        for(int i=0; i<100;i++) {
            long nextid = idworker.nextid();
            system.out.println(nextid);
        }
    }

}

 

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