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最新需要使用硬盘做一些测试，需要使用到hdparm工具，并进行了解，并进行简要记录；
hdparm、dd、fio、都是很好的硬盘测试软件；通常使用其对硬盘信息做基本了解；
关闭硬盘写cache用例：
hdparm -w /dev/sdh # 查看写缓存状态； hdparm -w 0 /dev/sdh # 关闭cache,保证数据强一致性；放置断电时数据未落盘； hdparm -w 1 /dev/sdh # 打开
测试磁盘和磁盘缓存读取速度：
查看磁盘信息： fdisk -l /dev/sdh hdparm /dev/sdh
评估磁盘读取速度：
hdparm -t /dev/sdh
评估磁盘缓存读取速度：
hdparm -t /dev/sdh
直接测试硬盘的读性能(绕过内核页缓存)：
hdparm -tt --direct /dev/sdh
顺序写测试：
time -p bash -c "dd if=/dev/urandom of=./dd.log bs=1m count=50000"
随机写测试：
命令使用方法说明：
hdparm -h hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.43, by mark lord. usage: hdparm [options] [device ...] options: -a get/set fs readahead -a get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1) -b get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -b set advanced power management setting (1-255) -c get/set ide 32-bit io setting -c check drive power mode status -d get/set using_dma flag -d enable/disable drive defect management -e set cd/dvd drive speed -f flush buffer cache for device on exit -f flush drive write cache -g display drive geometry -h display terse usage information -h read temperature from drive (hitachi only) -i display drive identification -i detailed/current information directly from drive -j get/set western digital "idle3" timeout for a wdc "green" drive (dangerous) -k get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) -k set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) -l set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -m get/set multiple sector count -m get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast) -n get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) -n get/set max visible number of sectors (hpa) (very dangerous) -p set pio mode on ide interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) -p set drive prefetch count -q change next setting quietly -q get/set dma queue_depth (if supported) -r get/set device readonly flag (dangerous to set) -r get/set device write-read-verify flag -s set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (dangerous) -s set standby (spindown) timeout -t perform device read timings -t perform cache read timings -u get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -u obsolete -v use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for ide drives -v display program version and exit immediately -w perform device reset (dangerous) -w get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1) -x obsolete -x set ide xfer mode (dangerous) -y put drive in standby mode -y put drive to sleep -z re-read partition table -z disable seagate auto-powersaving mode --dco-freeze freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle --dco-identify read/dump device configuration identify data --dco-restore reset device configuration back to factory defaults --direct use o_direct to bypass page cache for timings --drq-hsm-error crash system with a "stuck drq" error (very dangerous) --fallocate create a file without writing data to disk --fibmap show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file --fwdownload download firmware file to drive (extremely dangerous) --fwdownload-mode3 download firmware using min-size segments (extremely dangerous) --fwdownload-mode3-max download firmware using max-size segments (extremely dangerous) --fwdownload-mode7 download firmware using a single segment (extremely dangerous) --idle-immediate idle drive immediately --idle-unload idle immediately and unload heads --istdin read identify data from stdin as ascii hex --istdout write identify data to stdout as ascii hex --make-bad-sector deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (very dangerous) --offset use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in gib) from start of drive --prefer-ata12 use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) sat commands when possible --read-sector read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media --repair-sector alias for the --write-sector option (very dangerous) --security-help display help for ata security commands --trim-sector-ranges tell ssd firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count .. --trim-sector-ranges-stdin same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin --verbose display extra diagnostics from some commands --write-sector repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (very dangerous)
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