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荐 SpringMvc基础

2020年07月16日 | 移动技术网IT编程 | 我要评论

springmvc为表现层框架，基于MVC设计模式，基于组件流程方式执行流程。简化开发。

准备：

User 实体类

package xyz.gsdn.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

public class User implements Serializable
{
    private String username;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;
    Account account;

    public String getUsername()
    {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username)
    {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public int getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday()
    {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday)
    {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public Account getAccount()
    {
        return account;
    }

    public void setAccount(Account account)
    {
        this.account = account;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", account=" + account +
                '}';
    }
}

Account 实体类（Account作为User的内部属性）

package xyz.gsdn.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Account implements Serializable
{
    private int aid;
    private int aage;

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return "Account{" +
                "aid=" + aid +
                ", aage=" + aage +
                '}';
    }

    public int getAid()
    {
        return aid;
    }

    public void setAid(int aid)
    {
        this.aid = aid;
    }

    public int getAage()
    {
        return aage;
    }

    public void setAage(int aage)
    {
        this.aage = aage;
    }
}

springmvc主要就负责web层（controller）

UserController.java


@SessionAttributes(value = {"msg","msg2"})//将msg键值对存入session域
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Controller
public class UserController
{
    /**
     RequestMapping注解:
     用于建立请求URL和处理请求方法之间的对应关系。

     @RequestMapping(path = "/hello",method = {RequestMethod.POST},params = {"username=321"})
     path:   请求路径(可以不写,默认,当不止有一个参数时,得写)
     method: 请求方法限制,例现在只接受post请求
     params: 传入参数限制.必须传入username且username的参数为321
     return  String 方法返回一个字符串,根据视图解析器配置,跳转到 字符串.jsp(ok.jsp页面)
     */
    @RequestMapping("/chuan")
    String chuan(User u){
        System.out.println(u);
        return "ok";//视图解析器自动转向ok.jsp,详细看spring.mvc的internalResourceViewResolver
    }
    /**
     *  演示,未配置.返回ModelAndView对象
     *  addObject   返回的数据
     *  setViewName 跳转的页面名称
     *  return mv   返回ModelAndView对象,此对象包含返回的数据和跳转的页面
     */

    ModelAndView chuanModelView(User u){
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("Object对象");//这个地方传入的是Object对象,返回的数据
        mv.setViewName("ok");//跳转的页面名称
        return mv;
    }
//    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * 关于session处理的三个方法
     * @param model  Modelmap是Model的子类
     * @param request
     * @return
     * return String    方法返回一个字符串,根据视图解析器配置,跳转到 字符串.jsp(ok.jsp页面)
     */
    @RequestMapping("/setSession")
    String setSession(ModelMap model, HttpServletRequest request){
        //存储到request域中
        //可以在该方法的类名上添加@SessionAttributes将其添加到session域
        model.addAttribute("msg","msg_value");
        model.addAttribute("msg2","msg_value2");
        return "ok";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/getSession")
    String getSession(ModelMap model,HttpServletRequest request){
        String msg = (String)model.get("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
        //使用HttpServletRequest对象获取session
        //此方法有耦合,springmvc中使用 model.addAttribute + @SessionAttributes 替代
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String msg_request = (String) session.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println("request打印msg:"+msg_request);
        return "ok";
    }
    /**
     * 从request域删除,cong
     * @param model
     * @param sessionStatus
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/delSession")
    String delSession(ModelMap model, SessionStatus sessionStatus){
        //从request域移除
        model.remove("msg");
        System.out.println("sessionStatus:"+sessionStatus);
        //清除session域
        sessionStatus.setComplete();
        System.out.println("sessionStatus:"+sessionStatus);
        return "ok";
    }
//    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * 关于ajax异步请求
     * ResponseBody将返回参数加入response的返回体,前端就可以接收到
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testAjax")
    public @ResponseBody User testAjax( User user) {

        user.setUsername("23csf");
        user.setAge(111);
        user.setBirthday(new Date("2000/1/1"));
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setAid(13);
        System.out.println("---------------------------");
        System.out.println("UserController.testAjax");
        System.out.println(user);
        System.out.println(user.getAge());
        return user;
    }
//    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * RequestBody可以获取请求体,直接存入body
     * @param body
     * void方法会默认跳转到  项目名.jsp (reqBody.jsp)页面
     */
    @RequestMapping("reqBody")
    void reqBody(@RequestBody String body)
    {
        System.out.println(body);
    }
//    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * 文件上传,得在springmvc.xml中配置multipartResolver文件解析器对象
     * @param request
     * @param upload
     * @throws Exception
     *  void void方法会默认跳转到  项目名.jsp (uploadFile.jsp)页面
     */
    @RequestMapping("/uploadFile")
    void uploadFile(HttpServletRequest request, MultipartFile upload) throws Exception
    {
        //tomcat的webapp下项目文件下的根目录
        //  System.out.println(request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath(""));
        String path = "C:\\Users\\shen_i\\Desktop/file";//要写入文件的路径
        File file = new File(path);
        if (!file.exists()){
            file.mkdirs();
        }

        String name = upload.getOriginalFilename();//获取文件名
//    更改文件名为filename   "uuid_name"
        String filename=  UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","") +"_"+ name;

        /*上传文件  (文件路径,文件名)*/
        upload.transferTo(new File(path,filename));

        return;
    }


}

index.jsp 页面，进行访问Controller

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: shen_i
  Date: 2020/7/11 0011
  Time: 10:08
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>index--跳转ok.jsp</title>
    <%--    导入jquery,用于Ajax--%>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js" ></script>
    <script>
        $(function ()
        {
            $("#btn").click(//按钮绑定ajax
                function ()
                {

                    //发送post请求,请求路径 user/Ajax
                    //传过去的参数为username:"kk",age:"99",birthday:"2020-01-01"
                    //细节:birthday:"2020-01-01" 必须为-连接,  /连接无法封装(I don't understand)
                    //     结果配置了一个转为"/"的converter后,可以封装"2020/01/01，但无法封装"2020-01-01"???
                    //接着 删除自定义的类型转换器StringToDataConverter(其可以将日期字符串转为2020-01-01)
                    //就可以封装"2020/01/01",却无法封装"2020-01-01"
                    $.post("user/testAjax",{"username":"kk","age":"99","birthday":"2020-01-01"},function (data)
                    {
                        alert("hello");
                        $("#ajax_val").css("background-color","#fff");
                        //显示ajax请求结果
                        $("#ajax_val").html(data.username +"  "+data.age+"  "+data.birthday);
                    });
                });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body style="background-color:rgb(239, 255, 255)">
<br>
<form action="user/chuan" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text" name="username" />
    年龄:<input type="text" name="age" />
    日期:<input type="date" name="birthday">

    <br>
    <%--    User内部属性Account account--%>
    <%--   Account 想要自动封装,name名必须为 account.aid ,和Account内部属性名完全相同--%>
    Account aid:<input type="text" name="account.aid">
    Account aage:<<input type="text" name="account.aage">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
    <br>  <br>
    <hr>
    <br>
    <%--    细节:"user/setSession" 前边不要加/,写为"/user/setSession"跳转时会缺失项目名--%>
    <a href="user/setSession">/user/setSession</a>
    <a href="user/getSession">/user/getSession</a>
    <a href="user/delSession">/user/delSession</a>
    <input type="text">
</form>
<br>
<hr>
<button id="btn" >Ajax请求</button>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;传过去的参数为username:"kk",age:"99",birthday:"2020/01/01"
<br>Ajax请求结果:<br>
<div id="ajax_val">
    还没有进行查询...
</div>
<br>
<hr><br>
<form action="user/uploadFile" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    上传文件:<input type="file" name="upload"/>
    <br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

springmvc.xml 主要springmvc配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!--    开启注解扫描,将base-package配置的包内的controller加载进容器-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="xyz.gsdn.Controller">
    </context:component-scan>

    <!--    视图解析器对象-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--    前缀:文件目录-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
        <!--    后缀:文件后缀名-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

<!--dispatcherServlet会拦截所有资源,包括静态资源-->
<!--    此处标记静态资源位置,让其不拦截-->
<!--    location元素：表示webapp目录下（即服务器根目录）的pages包下的所有文件；-->
<!--    mapping元素：表示以/pages开头的所有文件请求路径，如/pages/**-->
<!--    该配置的作用是：DispatcherServlet不会拦截以/resource开头的所有请求路径，并当作静态资源交由Servlet处理-->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/pages/**" location="/pages/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>


    <!--      自定义类型转换器 StringToDataConverter 字符串转Date,2020-01-01 -->
    <bean id="conversionServiceFactory" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
        <property name="converters">
                <set>
<!--                    配置自己的utils包下的类型转换器-->
                   <bean class="xyz.gsdn.utils.StringToDataConverter"/>
                </set>
        </property>
    </bean>

<!--    文件解析器对象-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"></property>
</bean>

<!--    开启注解支持, 自动加载HandlerMapping(处理器映射器),HandleAdapter：(处理器适配器)-->
<!--    conversion-service="conversionServiceFactory" 是自己上边的类型转换器,使其生效-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionServiceFactory"/>
</beans>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
  <display-name>springmvc_program</display-name>

  <!--  前端控制器dispatcherServlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--    顺便在创建前端控制器时加载配置文件springmvc.xml-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <!--   classpath:springmvc.xml表示: 类路径下的springmvc.xml-->
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--    使该servlet第一时间加载,1即启动容器就创建.等级有1-10-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <!--  servlet 使用"/"拦截处理所有请求   -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


  <!--中文乱码解决,过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

StringToDataConverter.java 日期字符串转日期的转换器

package xyz.gsdn.utils;

import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 自定义类型转换器
 * String 转为 Date
 * String source  : "1000-10-10"
 * Date pattern:"yyyy-MM-dd"
 * Date result:1000-10-10
 *
 */
public class StringToDataConverter implements Converter<String,Date>
{
    @Override
    public Date convert(String source)
    {
        if (source==null)
        {
            //传入字符串为空
            throw new RuntimeException("StringToDataConverter--传入字符为空~");
        }
        try
        {
            DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            Date date =dateFormat.parse(source);
            return  date;
        } catch (Exception e)
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("StringToDataConverter--转换失败~");
        }
    }
}

pom.xml maven项目依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>xyz.gsdn</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
      <!--      jackson:字符串和json互转-->
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    文件上传-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.3</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>

</project>

代码copy完毕后，tomcat启动即可

本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43220949/article/details/107281161

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