如何在生产上部署django?
django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。
uwsgi介绍
uwsgi是一个web服务器，它实现了wsgi协议、uwsgi、http等协议。nginx中httpuwsgimodule的作用是与uwsgi服务器进行交换。
要注意 wsgi / uwsgi / uwsgi 这三个概念的区分。
uwsgi性能非常高
uwsgi的主要特点如下
总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uwsgi作者所吹嘘的：
if you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uwsgi is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uwsgi.
uwsgi 安装使用
# install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest lts (long term support) release,
pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz
基本测试
create a file called test.py:
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# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 ok', [('content-type','text/html')])
return [b"hello world"] # python3
#return ["hello world"] # python2
运行
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
用uwsgi 启动django
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
可以把参数写到配置文件里
alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] http = :9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to nginx socket = 127.0.0.1:8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir = /home/alex/crazyeye # django's wsgi file wsgi-file = crazyeye/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes = 4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads = 2 #monitor uwsgi status stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true
启动
/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini
nginx安装使用
sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx
为你的项目生成nginx配置文件
you will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uwsgi distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
copy it into your project directory. in a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen 8000;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's ip address or fqdn
charset utf-8;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75m; # adjust to taste
# django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your django project's media files - amend as required
}
location /static {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your django project's static files - amend as required
}
# finally, send all non-media requests to the django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
this conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require django's intervention. for a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
deploying static files
before running nginx, you have to collect all django static files in the static folder. first of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:
static_root = os.path.join(base_dir, "static/")
and then run
python manage.py collectstatic
此时启动nginx 和uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持移动技术网。
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